Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Friday, February 20, 2015

February 20.—Since my return I have visited three of the hospitals; they have very few patients. The Levert (so called in honor of the late Dr. L. of this place) is set apart for officers. Our old patient, Captain Curran, is in it, and, much to my astonishment, is recovering.

This hospital is a small one, but seems perfect in every department. The surgeon— Dr. Redwood — was captured at Shiloh, and was for some time practicing in prisons in the North, and has his hospital arranged as they have them there. A hospital like his is all very well in a place like Mobile; but I am afraid, if he had a few runs like we have had, it would not be quite so nice. Captain C. asked me if I would not like to be in such a one. I answered him no; for then I might forget we had a war on hand, with all these nice things around me. There is one room trimmed with blue, another with yellow, etc. The whole hospital is not as large as one of our wards. I asked Captain C. what he thought would become of all these “pretty things,” if some few hundreds of wounded were brought in from the field, as we have had them many a time. I think the blue and yellow spreads would be slightly soiled.

On one of my visits there, Captain Curran informed me that the day previous his surgeon had neglected to state what was to be his diet, and he had to fast all day, as the matron could not give him any thing not prescribed. To think of a wounded man, who is convalescing, fasting a whole day! I think I should have broken the rules that day. I believe in discipline; but, as I heard a friend say, we need not break the rules, just bend them a little.

A good many jokes are told on Dr. R., on account of his strict discipline. It is said, one day when the examining board met there, and one of the surgeons was taken suddenly ill, Dr. R. could not procure whisky for him until he put his name down as a patient.

The other hospital (the Canty, so called in honor of General C.) is in a very handsome building. It was the city hospital, and part of it is still reserved for the use of the sick citizens. The Sisters of Charity are its matrons, and we all know what they are in hospitals. And, by the way, why can we not imitate them in this respect, during these war times? Here one of them is a druggist; another acts the part of steward; and, in fact, they could take charge of the whole hospital, with the exception of the medical department.

My friend, Dr. Henderson, is surgeon of this hospital; he kindly took us all through it. He is making great improvements, in the way of chicken-houses, etc., but somehow I never look at these things now without thinking we are doing all this work for our foes.

Dr. H. related an anecdote about the quartermaster. He was in want of lumber, and had tried fair means about getting it till he was tired; so he made it a rule to spend every spare hour he had in the quartermaster’s office, till the latter gave him as much lumber and other material as he wanted.

I tell the surgeons here that they do not know any thing about the war, compared with those in the field, and near it. There is one thing that I have remarked: they have many more privileges than those near the front. Nearly every surgeon in Mobile boards in the hospital; whereas, with us, they were on no account permitted to do so.

The Ross Hospital, so called in honor of Dr. R. of this place, is, like the others, parfait in every respect. Dr. Needlet of Missouri is surgeon, and Mrs. Crocker matron.

The surgeon-general, Dr. Moore, is constantly issuing orders to the medical department, and the order of one day contradicts that of the day previous. The surgeons are a good deal annoyed at these orders.

While visiting the Ross Hospital, Mrs. C. showed me a book large enough to keep all of the records of the Confederacy, in which she was to note every mouthful eaten by the patients, and every drop of whisky that they drank. According to the rules in this book, she will be compelled to keep some half dozen of assistants. On looking at its size, I could not but think that paper must be much more plentiful than we thought for. The diet-lists are amusing to read. We know there are such articles as those named in them, from having seen them in good old peace times, but that is about all we know of them. The lists always put me in mind of the receipt, “First catch your hare, and then make your pie.”

Monday, 20th—We continued our march northward today about ten miles, destroying six miles of railroad. All the railroads within twenty miles of Columbia have been destroyed, every tie is burned and every rail is twisted into a corkscrew. A sad accident happened yesterday afternoon in Columbia when a detail from the Fifteenth Army Corps was casting the fixed ammunition into the river. A man dropped a shell on the bank of the river, which exploding, caused other ammunition to explode and ignited a large quantity of powder, killing several soldiers and wounding twenty others. When Sherman heard of it, he is said to have remarked that one of his soldiers was worth more than all that ammunition or even the city of Columbia.

Sixteen miles northeast of Columbia,

February 20, 1865.

The Provost Guards were the last to leave town. Fifty families of Columbians accompany us; have no idea how many negroes. Hard day’s march.

Chattanooga, Monday, Feb. 20. Another enchanting day and great exuberance of spirits is to be seen in camp, ball and other active outdoor amusements being the order of the day. On guard. Do not have to stand till night, watching mules, etc. We are surrounded by artillery camps, batteries that have laid here all winter. Have beautiful camps and excellent houses (not shebangs) to live in. Much more attention is paid to the soldiers than at Nashville, all seem happy at the change. The fever of example is wonderful. Our officers have already absorbed the spirit of other batteries, and require everything done according to “military”, or in camp slang, “put on style”. Right, a good sign of discipline. Lieutenant Silsby, formerly my old teacher, came to see us. Looking well, glad to see him.

February 20th. The deep snow is settling down very fast, weather very mild. General Seward from Martinsburg a visitor in camp. The commander of our brigade and this section of the valley.

20th. Officer of the Day. Beautiful day. Clear and mild. Went the rounds with Div. Officer of the Day and Sergt. Bail. Pleasant time. Lots of deserters coming in. One batch of 23. News of fall of Columbia, S. C. Glory! Read to troops. God be praised for the prospect. Chet back.

February 20th.—Another morning of blue skies and glorious sunshine. Sherman is reported to be marching northward, and to have progressed one-third of the way between Columbia and Charlotte, N. C; where we had “millions of specie” a few days ago.

Some of the lady employees, sent by Mr. Memminger to Columbia last year, have returned to this city, having left and lost their beds, etc.

Grant’s campaign seems developed at last. Sherman and Thomas will concentrate on his left, massing 200,000 men between Lee and his supplies, effectually cutting his communications by flanking with superior numbers. It is probable Charleston, Wilmington, and Richmond will fall without a battle; for how can they be held when the enemy stops supplies? and how could the garrisons escape when once cut off from the interior?

And yet Congress has done nothing, and does nothing, but waste the precious time. I fear it is too late now! It is certainly too late to raise recruits for service in the campaign now in active operation, a fact which our politician leaders seem to be unconscious of. Even our furloughed troops cannot now rejoin their regiments from their distant homes.

Then, if Lee must evacuate Richmond, where can he go? No one knows!

My belief is that the only chance for Lee—and a desperate one —is to beat Grant immediately, before the grand junction can be formed.

Letters are beginning to come in from the South, advocating the abandonment of Richmond, and the march of Lee’s army into East Tennessee and Northern Georgia, and so on down to Montgomery, Ala., etc. etc.; concentrating in the Cotton States. What an ugly programme! How many would then follow the fortunes of this government? How many heads of bureaus, etc. would abandon it? How would it be possible for those with families on their hands to get transportation? A great many other questions might be asked, that few could answer at this time.

Charleston was evacuated on Tuesday last—nearly a week ago —so says the Examiner, and no one doubts it.

Mr. Hunter seems more depressed to-day than I have ever seen him. He walks with his head down, looking neither to the right nor the left.

I shall expect soon to hear of a battle. Beauregard must have nearly 50,000 men—such as they are, poor fellows! The rich have generally bribed themselves out of the service through the complicated machinery of the “Bureau of Conscription.”

Senator Brown, of Mississippi, I am sorry to see, often retards legislation by motions to postpone; and the Senate listens to him, not knowing what to do. Hours now are worth weeks hereafter.

The President has made Wm. M. Browne—one of his aids, an Englishman and a Northern newspaper reporter—a brigadier-general. This does not help the cause. Mr. B. knows no more about war than a cat; while many a scarred colonel, native-born, and participants in a hundred fights, sue in vain for promotion. Governor Clarke (Mississippi) telegraphs the President that nothing keeps the negroes from going to the enemy but the fear of being put in the Federal army; and that if it be attempted to put them in ours, all will run away, etc.

February 20th, 1865.

It has never been so quiet along our lines as the past two weeks, there being strict orders against picket firing. We are eagerly awaiting news from Sherman, and a development of the toils which are being gradually drawn around Lee’s army. Lee has now but one line of communication left open, and that will soon be closed.

General Wilcox is in Michigan on leave of absence. Furloughs are still freely given, which shows no import’ ant move is contemplated here at present. Captain Sudborbugh is Acting Engineer of the division during the temporary absence of the real one. It is his duty to inspect the front line of works every day and report their condition.

Telegraphic dispatches are again in order. Yesterday the troops were drawn up in line, and the glad news of Sherman’s wonderful success was read to them.

A salute was fired today in honor of Washington’s birth. All our batteries were opened, with shot and shell, at precisely 12m., and was briskly returned by the Rebels. The dangerous “practice” was kept up for nearly two hours, and was intensely exciting. Several of our men were killed by bursting shells.

It has rained all day, a mild, warm rain, and still continues. A detail of twenty men from our regiment has been at work the past three weeks to provide a suitable burial place for our dead. All our dead are to be taken up and buried in a proper manner.