Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Wednesday, June 19, 2013

June 19.—One of our patients, by the name of Miller, died yesterday. He was a member of the Thirty-third Alabama Regiment. He came here a few weeks ago with typhoid fever; then took erysipelas, from the effects of which he died. He was perfectly resigned to his death, and left a message for his wife and children, who live in Dale County, Alabama.

The erysipelas, which is infectious, is spreading. Two of the girls in the washhouse had their ears bored, and have it very badly, taken from washing the clothes, though they are never touched by them until they are put into a large boiler and well boiled. One of the girls is a perfect sight; her face is so swollen that her eyes are closed, and part of her hair has had to be cut off.

June 19.—A committee from the planters of Louisiana, made a formal application to the President of the United States, for readmission into the Union.—(Doc. 75.)

—General Gregg, with his cavalry, met the rebel line of skirmishers in a piece of wood a short distance west of Middleburgh, Va., and forced them back about five miles on the road leading to Ashby’s Gap, where the enemy had two brigades of infantry. Artillery was used occasionally on both sides, but most of the time the fight was more of an Indian warfare than any thing else. Nearly all the charges made were in woods where the enemy fought from behind trees, stone walls and natural rifle-pits. A large number of the Nationals were dismounted, and they proved themselves to be quite as great adepts in the Indian style of warfare as the enemy. As the latter were driven out of one piece of timber, they would retreat into another, and thus the contest was kept up, from early morning until four o’clock p.m., almost without intermission.

During the early portion of the day the brigade commanded by Colonel Gregg was alone engaged. During the day, General Kilpatrick’s command came up, and, at a late hour, the regular cavalry, which had been sent up the Snicker’s Gap road, made a sudden dash upon the left flank of the rebels, creating quite a panic. As the regulars passed up the Snicker’s Gap pike, a squadron of the First cavalry was placed to guard the bridge across Goose Creek. The main column had been gone only a short time, when the guard was attacked by a superior force, and driven away, when the bridge was set on fire. The First Maine, Tenth, Second, and Fourth New-York, Fourth and Sixteenth Pennsylvania did most of the skirmishing. The First Maine made five charges under the most unfavorable circumstances, and added new laurels to their fame. The National loss in killed and wounded, yesterday and to-day, will probably not exceed fifty, and of the whole number there are not half a dozen wounds of a serious character. On the other hand, at the close of the day, there were thirty of the enemy’s dead and wounded at the hospital, a majority of the wounds being of a serious character. Some forty prisoners were captured, including six officers, a lieutenant-colonel, a major, a captain and three lieutenants. When the Tenth New-York entered Middleburgh yesterday, they found five of the missing First Rhode Island troopers locked up in a store, their captors not having an opportunity even to parole or carry them off, so sudden was the charge into the town made.

—The rebels at Williamsport carried all their stores to the north side of the Potomac River, with the purpose of making that their base of operations for raids into Pennsylvania.—Boonsboro, Md., was evacuated by the rebels, who carried off a number of horses and some other property.—The Seventy-fourth and Sixty-fifth regiments of New-York militia, left Buffalo, for Harrisburgh, Pa.—Two members of the staff of General Hooker, Major Sterling and Captain Fisher, were captured by guerrillas near Fairfax, Va.—Horatio Seymour, Governor of New York, issued an order organizing the National Guard of the State.—The Fifty-sixth and Fifth regiments of New-York militia, left home for Harrisburgh, Pa.—The ship Conrad, was captured by the privateer Alabama.

—A detachment of Jenkins’s rebel force on their retreat from Chambersburgh, entered McConnellsburgh, Pa., surprising the citizens and capturing a large number of horses and cattle, besides helping themselves to such provisions and wearing apparel as they could find in the stores. After thoroughly rifling the town, they left, taking the road to Hancock, Maryland.— The brig Isabella Thompson, having on board a cargo of turpentine and cotton, was captured by the Union gunboat United States, commanded by R. W. Mead, Jr.—The British schooner Glenn, of Yarmouth, N. S., from Matamoras for Nassau, being six hundred miles out of her course, was overhauled by the National steamer Cumbria, and her papers not being satisfactory, a prize crew was put on board, and she was ordered to New York.

19th. Felt miserable in the morning. Hospital moved to the brick church. Col. Dod and Bob worked at the old wagon. Thede and Mike went for cherries for a cherry pie tomorrow. Byerley came over. Read some in “Barnaby Rudge.” In the evening got a letter from Lucy Randall. Wrote a letter to Fannie.

Tuesday, July 19.— We had a rain-storm to-day, which lasted through the night, making us all very uncomfortable. Enemy were pretty quiet through the day. Raish arrived last night. Saw him to-day, and went with him to see General Burnside.

19th June (Friday).—I embarked at 10 A.M. on board a small steamer to visit Drewry’s Bluff on the James River, the scene of the repulse of the ironclads Monitor and Galena. The stream exactly opposite Richmond is very shallow and rocky, but it becomes navigable about a mile below the city. Drewry’s Bluff is about eight miles distant, and, before reaching it, we had to pass through two bridges—one of boats, and the other a wooden bridge. I was shown over the fortifications by Captain Chatard, Confederate States navy, who was in command during the absence of Captain Lee. A flotilla of Confederate gunboats was lying just above the obstructions, and nearly opposite to the bluff. Amongst them was the Yorktown, alias Patrick Henry, which, under the command of my friend Captain Tucker, figured in the memorable Merrimac attack. There was also an ironclad called the Richmond, and two or three smaller craft. Beyond Drewry’s Bluff, on the opposite side of the river, is Chaffin’s Bluff, which mounts heavy guns, and forms the extreme right of the Richmond defences on that side of the river.

At the time of the attack by the two Federal ironclads, assisted by several wooden gunboats, there were only three guns mounted on Drewry’s Bluff, which is from 80 to 90 feet high. These had been hastily removed from the Yorktown, and dragged up there by Captain Tucker on the previous day. They were either smooth-bore 32-pounders or 8-inch guns, I forget which. During the contest the Monitor, notwithstanding her recent exploits with the Merrimac, kept herself out of much danger, partly concealed behind the bend of the river; but her consort, the ironclad Galena, approached boldly to within 500 yards of the bluff. The wooden gunboats remained a considerable distance down the river. After the fight had lasted about four hours the Galena withdrew much crippled, and has never, I believe, been known to fame since. The result of the contest goes to confirm the opinion expressed to me by General Beauregard—viz., that ironclads cannot resist the plunging fire of forts, even though that latter can only boast of the old smoothbore guns.

A Captain Maury took me on board the Richmond ironclad, in which vessel I saw a 7-inch treble-banded Brook gun, weighing, they told me, 21,000 lb., and capable of standing a charge of 25 lb. of powder. Amongst my fellow-passengers from Richmond I had observed a very Hibernian-looking prisoner in charge of one soldier. Captain Maury informed me that this individual was being taken to Chaffin’s Bluff, where he is to be shot at 12 noon to-morrow for desertion.

Major Norris and I bathed in James River at 7 P.M. from a rocky and very pretty island in the centre of the stream.

I spent another very agreeable evening at Mrs S ——’s, and met General Randolph, Mr Butler King, and Mr Conrad there; also Colonel Johnston, aide-de-camp to the President, who told me that they had been forced, in order to stop Bumside’s executions in Kentucky, to select two Federal captains, and put them under orders for death. General Randolph looks in weak health. He had for some time filled the post of Secretary of War; but it is supposed that he and the President did not quite hit it off together. Mr Conrad as well as Mr King is a member of Congress, and he explained to me that, at the beginning of the war, each State was most desirous of being put (without the slightest necessity) under military law, which they thought was quite the correct remedy for all evil; but so sick did they soon become of this regime that at the last session Congress had refused the President the power of putting any place under military law, which is just as absurd in the other direction.

I hear every one complaining dreadfully of General Johnston’s inactivity in Mississippi, and all now despair of saving Vicksburg. They deplore its loss, more on account of the effect its conquest may have in prolonging the war, than for any other reason. No one seems to fear that its possession, together with Port Hudson, will really enable the Yankees to navigate the Mississippi; nor do they fear that the latter will be able to prevent communication with the trans-Mississippi country.

Many of the Richmond papers seem to me scarcely more respectable than the New York ones. Party spirit runs high. Liberty of the press is carried to its fullest extent.

Friday, 19th—It is again quite warm. Every morning at about 2 o’clock we have to form a line of battle, so that if the rebels should come in upon us we would be ready for them; but I do not think they will come. On account of the very poor water here, several of the boys are down with the fever and ague.

Camp White, June 19, 1863.

Dear Mother: — . . . Mother Webb, Lucy and the four boys all got here in good health last Monday. They are housed in a pleasant little cottage on the river bank — plenty of fruit and flowers and not over fifty steps from my tent.

General Scammon’s wife left yesterday. Four of [or] five officers’ wives are here, making society enough. It is not likely they will remain in the present stirring times more than a week or so.

Lucy had a long letter from Nellie Howells (Mead) just before she left Cincinnati. Nellie is very happy in her European home. — Love to all.

Affectionately,

R. B. Hayes.

Mrs. Sophia Hayes.

Before Vicksburg, Friday, June 19. Very warm. But by keeping quiet as much as possible not very oppressive. The enemy fired more to-day than any day since we came here—the mortars once every thirty minutes, and profiting by our example, they threw shells from light pieces, which bursted directly overhead. No damages yet. Preparations being made for a general shelling in the morning. Two hundred rounds of ammunition to each piece. Put my shade over horses in the evening.

June 19 — We waited this morning until the brigade wagons came up and passed, then we moved to Snickersville. We remained at Snickersville but a little while, when we were ordered back toward Union, as the Yankee cavalry were advancing in that direction. We marched to Union without seeing any Yanks, but we heard artillery firing in the direction of Middleburg, where General Fitzhugh Lee was fighting the Yankee cavalry nearly all day. General Jones fought and drove back a body of Yankee cavalry near Union this morning.

It is raining hard now and the night is gloomy and dark; we are quartered in a barn right in Union. A little while after dark General Jones came into the barn and slept on the straw with us, just like a horse artilleryman.

From all indications the Yankee cavalry is closing in on us from two directions, and we will have some hot work to-morrow.

June 19, Friday. The illness of Admiral Foote is serious, I fear fatal. Our first intelligence this morning made his case almost hopeless; later in the day we have a telegraph that he is more comfortable.

Chase informs me that he has just returned from a visit to Hooker’s headquarters, at or near Fairfax Court-House. The troops, he says, are in good spirits and excellent condition, as is Hooker himself. He commends Hooker as in every respect all that we could wish. His (Chase’s) tone towards Halleck is much altered since our last conversation. All of which is encouraging. But Chase’s estimate and judgment of men fluctuates as he has intercourse with them and they are friendly and communicative or otherwise.