Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Near Davis’ Cross Roads, five miles north of Tar river.

May 1, 1865, 4:30 p.m.

We are 35 miles from Raleigh to-night, which makes 24 miles to-day over Tar river, which is here about 50 yards wide and runs through a fine rolling, high country. The march was splendidly conducted, no straggling, and the peace orders were faithfully lived up to. It seems like the early days of my soldiering to see the citizens all at home, their horses and mules in the stables, and gardens full of vegetables passed untouched. When a man can pass an onion bed without going for them, and they did a number of them to-day, no one need talk to me of total depravity. The soldier goes more on onions than any other luxury. The citizens have all “war’s over” news, and seem to feel good over it. At three different places there were groups of very healthy looking young ladies, well dressed, by the roadside, waving their handkerchiefs at us, and one told the boys she wished them to come back after they were mustered out, for “you have killed all our young men off.” The virtuous indignation welled up in my bosom like a new strike of oil. I’ll venture that these same women coaxed their beaux off to the war, and now that “Yank” is ahead, they shake their handkerchiefs at us and cry, “bully Yanks.” The devil take them and he’ll be sure to do it. You have heard of woodticks? The man who don’t catch his pint a day is in awful luck. They have a tick picking twice a day in this country, regularly as eating. Saw a wild turnip in bloom to-day.

Chattanooga, Monday, May 1. May Day, and I begin another book in good health and splendid spirits. Went out on brigade drill this morning 8 A. M. Four horse batteries drilled under Major Mendenhall, our chief. Maneuvered on the nice green flat south of Fort Phelps. The loud voices of command and the clamor of the bugles, attracted many spectators. The drill passed off pleasantly and instructive. The 6th Battery under Lieutenant Sweet did as well as the best. Reached camp by dinner time.

Never was our camp fuller of grape-vine rumors than now, and I never knew soldiers under greater excitement. The vague orders of the War Department in relation to reducing expenses and mustering out the army, gives all the ground of believing in a speedy discharge, consequently a hundred different speculations exist. I don’t feel any peculiar exhilaration, but like the rest, I cannot stay long in a place but go about to hear and talk. Ed Hayes and I procured a section of the mine laid in bottom of the Tennessee River to Bridgeport during Bragg’s siege, this afternoon. Quite a curiosity.

Monday, 1st—Our corps, the Seventeenth, took up the line of march at 6 a. m. and marched fifteen miles, going into bivouac at about 4 o’clock in the afternoon. No foraging parties are allowed on this march, and no railroad or any kind of property is to be destroyed. The army, by divisions, is to go into bivouac when convenient about 3 p. m. each day, and about three miles apart, so that the trains and artillery can get into their corrals before dark. We passed through Forestville and Wake Forest, towns a mile apart, at about noon today. We have good roads and fine weather for marching.

1st. Monday. The day at home. Sat for a vignette at Platte’s. In evening went with Melissa to Young People’s Meeting. Seemed real good and like old times. Am trying to live a higher Christian life. Will try to make Ma and friends happy.

May 1st. Weather fine, and we are enjoying it. Our company remains at camp as headquarters’ guard. The other companies are going through surrounding towns, picking up all government property, and all that is collected is put in wagons and brought to this town. Everything marked U. S. must be collected and stored here. In time it will be sold by government officers at public auction. This is a fine country. Our boys are enjoying these collecting trips. We are all so happy over the close of this awful, cruel war.

May 1st.—In Chester still. I climb these steep steps alone. They have all gone, all passed by. Buck went with Mr. C. Hampton to York. Mary, Mrs. Huger, and Pinckney took flight together. One day just before they began to dissolve in air, Captain Gay was seated at the table, halfway between me on the top step and John in the window, with his legs outside. Said some one to-day, “She showed me her engagement ring, and I put it back on her hand. She is engaged, but not to me.” “By the heaven that is above us all, I saw you kiss her hand.” “That I deny.” Captain Gay glared in angry surprise, and insisted that he had seen it. “Sit down, Gay,” said the cool captain in his most mournful way. “You see, my father died when I was a baby, and my grandfather took me in hand. To him I owe this moral maxim. He is ninety years old, a wise old man. Now, remember my grandfather’s teaching forevermore—’A gentleman must not kiss and tell.'”

General Preston came to say good-by. He will take his family abroad at once. Burnside, in New Orleans, owes him some money and will pay it. “There will be no more confiscation, my dear madam,” said he: “they must see that we have been punished enough.” “They do not think so, my dear general. This very day a party of Federals passed in hot pursuit of our President.”

A terrible fire-eater, one of the few men left in the world who believe we have a right divine, being white, to hold Africans, who are black, in bonds forever; he is six feet two; an athlete; a splendid specimen of the animal man; but he has never been under fire; his place in the service was a bomb-proof office, so-called. With a face red-hot with rage he denounced Jeff Davis and Hood. “Come, now,” said Edward, the handsome, “men who could fight and did not, they are the men who ruined us. We wanted soldiers. If the men who are cursing Jeff Davis now had fought with Hood, and fought as Hood fought, we’d be all right now.”

And then he told of my trouble one day while Hood was here. “Just such a fellow as you came up on this little platform, and before Mrs. Chesnut could warn him, began to heap insults on Jeff Davis and his satrap, Hood. Mrs. Chesnut held up her hands. ‘Stop, not another word. You shall not abuse my friends here! Not Jeff Davis behind his back, not Hood to his face, for he is in that room and hears you.'” Fancy how dumfounded this creature was.

Mrs. Huger told a story of Joe Johnston in his callow days before he was famous. After an illness Johnston’s hair all fell out; not a hair was left on his head, which shone like a fiery cannon-ball. One of the gentlemen from Africa who waited at table sniggered so at dinner that he was ordered out by the grave and decorous black butler. General Huger, feeling for the agonies of young Africa, as he strove to stifle his mirth, suggested that Joe Johnston should cover his head with his handkerchief. A red silk one was produced, and turban-shaped, placed on his head. That completely finished the gravity of the butler, who fled in helplessness. His guffaw on the outside of the door became plainly audible. General Huger then suggested, as they must have the waiter back, or the dinner could not go on, that Joe should eat with his hat on, which he did.

May 1.—A lovely day; spring is silently working her great Creator’s will, and arraying herself in all her glories. Meadow and woodland is brilliant with her gorgeous robes. There is a mellowness breathing in the air, which fills one as with an undefinable feeling of perfect tranquility. O, how welcome it comes to our troubled spirits! How bountifully God has showered his blessings on us, if we would only receive them!

Miss K., Mr. Moore, and myself rode out in Dr. Porter’s carriage, to see Mr. Thomas; when half-way there we met him going to town. He remarked that no doubt the church would suffer by the revolution which had shaken the land, and that he was prepared to earn his living, as he was then doing, by the sweat of his brow.

I do think it is disgraceful that a man with Mr. Thomas’s education and talents should not at least earn a living at his calling. His is no isolated case. I have heard of some of our clergymen in the cities, who were so bad off that they did not know from day to day where they would get the money to buy bread for their households.

“Every man shall give as he is able, according to the blessing of the Lord thy God, which he hath given thee,” is a command to be obeyed as much as “Thou shalt have no other God besides me.” Indeed, to break the one is breaking the other, as what but making a god of money prevents us from giving according to the blessings of the Lord? When Christ sent his ministers into every city, he told them to carry neither purse, nor scrip, nor shoes, for he said the laborer is worthy of his hire. And has not St. Paul said, “They who preach the gospel should live by the gospel.”

The Old and New Testament is filled with commands relating to the support of God’s word; can we expect to break them and go unpunished? Grant that there were no special command of this kind; does not common sense teach us that a clergyman and his family have mouths to feed, and bodies to be clothed, as well as other mortals? How are they to be provided for? “If they have sown unto you spiritual things, is it a great matter if they shall reap your worldly things?”

I do not know one who, were he to do any thing else for a living, who would not be well off. Their education fits them for any sphere in life; and were mere worldly profit their aim, they could easily gain that. But we can judge from this alone, if from nothing else, that they feel their calling is a much higher one than any of this world.

I do wish our people would only view this matter in the proper light. Let us suppose that the light of the gospel was shut out from us and our churches closed; no messenger of God to admonish and warn us to flee from the wrath to come; or with a voice of love bid us look up from this sorrow and sin-stricken world to a home eternal in the heavens, where all is peace and happiness; were all this taken away from us, where would we look for one ray of comfort to cheer us in this vale of tears? This is only one breach of the great command our people are guilty, as a nation, of breaking. “Thou shalt have none other gods but me.”

Let us treat God as a reality, not as we seemingly do—a chimera, whose holy name we have upon our lips, while our every act is at variance with what we profess.

Mr. T.’s house is situated in a lovely and romantic spot. There is a fine grove of trees in front of the house, of nature’s planting. I was rather hasty when I said there were no woods in this place; I had not seen one half of its beauty. Mrs. T. gave us a hearty welcome. She told us that many of General Lee’s men had passed there; some of them she had entertained. She said they seemed to take their defeat with a serious dignity, as if they were confident they had done their duty as the defenders of their country and cause; had failed, and were accepting the issue, like all do who feel they have “left no blot on their name,” and can “look proudly to heaven from the death-bed of fame.” It is only those who have sold their country and honor for their own selfish ends who have cause now to mourn.

It is now rumored that France has recognized us. We conversed about her coming to aid us at the eleventh hour. Mrs. T. and I said we would much rather it had been Great Britain; the others preferred France, as she had always shown herself our friend. I asked them in what way; for I had never seen or heard of any benefit we had received from her. True, she now and then gave us a few words of pity, to let us know we were remembered. She had an idea that some day we might be her neighbors, and it was wiser to make friends of us than foes. It is said she requested Great Britain to join her in recognizing us; but has she become so poor;

 

“Is she steeped so low

In poverty, crest-fallen, and palsied so,

That she must sit, much wroth, but timorous more;”

 

and knock at Britain’s doors, asking her aid to stay this fratricidal bloodshed? Has the land of the immortal Lafayette really sunk so far that she could not have raised her hand and helped us without the aid of other nations? Who was her ally when she helped the colonies? And, by the way, I do not suppose the colonies would ever have gained their independence without her. Since then we all know she has not sunk in power, but is much greater in all that constitutes true national greatness; I look on her present ruler as a wiser and a better one than his great uncle; for by his rule he has brought prosperity to his people, where his uncle brought the reverse.. A lady asked me why I took the part of England, as it had subjugated Scotland. To this I need scarcely give my answer— that not even the august Caesar, whose boast was he had conquered the world, had subjugated Scotland; and that, when he conquered England, he had to build a wall to protect his people from the “daring Caledonian.” To be sure she was under the yoke of England through treachery for awhile, but her brave sons, with their dauntless daring, threw off that yoke, and now the Scot

 

“Wanders as free as the wind o’er his mountain,

Save love’s willing fetters, the charms o’ his Jean.”

 

This is not the first time I have heard the southern people speak thus of France; although I have heard many of them say that the government of Great Britain is the best in the world, and wish we had such a one here.

I think the reason they lean so much to France is because she aided in the revolution of ’76. If she has indeed stepped in just now to help us (which seems at rather a strange time) it is because she wishes us to aid her in keeping Mexico.

Dr. Young is here with the medical stores. Dr. Porter and I tried to get him to give us some of the medicines he would not; he says they were intrusted to his keeping, and he will not give them to any one without orders. We proposed that he should give us a hint of where they were, and we could help ourselves; but even this he would not do.

We have received orders to have every thing packed to hand over to the United States Government, or some one—we do not exactly know who. I asked our post surgeon, Dr. Foster, if we could not keep some of the hospital stores, as we had no money (excepting dear old Confederate) to pay our way home, and we thought we could sell some of the hospital goods. Dr. F. said “No;” that it was like a dead man’s estate, and he, as trustee, was bound in honor to give it up. I must confess that this is a little more honesty than I think at all necessary. Many of our men have not even a change of clothes, and have not been paid for months; and here we are giving hundreds of suits to the United States Government. It seems to me by rights they belong to the men.

Dr. Foster is a high-toned, cultivated gentleman. He thinks we are conquered, and speaks calmly on the subject. He is from Tennessee, and intends going back; and if he finds he can not live there, will leave, he has traveled much on the continent of Europe.

The Tennesseeans, as a whole, seem to dislike President Johnson; but I heard a very intelligent one say he was a man of much more ability than he got credit for, and that he had a good deal of tact, and his aim would be to please the people; so from policy might make a very good ruler.

Sunday, April 30, 1865.

Howardism (and it is a very good kind of ism), allows us to lay still to-day. It is a real Canton 1st of June Sabbath. It rained all night, but the effect is to improve these sandy roads. It will take a good deal more than a week to realize fully that the war is over. No more preparation for a coming campaign, dreaded at first, but soon looked for with feverish eagerness (human nature). No more finding the enemy driving in his skirmishers, developing his line, getting into position, and retiring every night, maybe for a month, after days spent in continuous skirmishing, expecting to be ordered to charge at daybreak. It is all over, thank God, but it seems impossible.

A Philadelphia paper of the 25th (first we have seen since the 21st) astonished us all. It gives us our first intimation of the hue and cry against Sherman, for the terms he offered Johnston, Breckenridge & Co. We did not before know anything he had done, only he told us in orders that he had, “subject to the approval of the powers at Washington, made peace from the Rio Grande to the Potomac, by an agreement with Johnston and other high officials.” We have only known that much, talked over the matter and were afraid that “Tecumseh” had made an attempt to do too much, and had compromised himself by having anything at all to do with other than military Rebels. I am very sorry for him, but we have thought for a year, and it has been common talk in the army, that he was ambitious for political honors, etc.

I have often heard it said that he was figuring for popularity in the South. He has written some very pretty letters to our erring Southerners. Instance, the one to the Mayor and citizens of Atlanta and one to Mrs. Bowen of Baltimore, and several more while at Savannah.

He also promised Governor Vance some kind of protection if he would return to Raleigh. “Pap” must be careful. We all think the world of him. I’d rather fight under him than Grant, and in fact if Sherman was Mahomet we’d be as devoted Musselmen as ever followed the former prophet, and if he has blundered here, as they say he has, we will feel it more at heart than we ever did the fall of our leaders before. I won’t believe he has made a mistake until I know all about it. It can’t be.

Sunday, 30th—Remained in bivouac all day. We had a heavy rain last night, but it is clear and warm today. A man from the Fifteenth Iowa preached in our camp at early candlelight this evening.

30th. Went to Sunday School in the morning with Delos and C. G. Mr. Fitch spoke splendidly. Went to church with Melissa. Mr. Finney preached on “Lasciviousness”—an excellent sermon— .A. M. and P. M. Home in the evening.