Written for The Racine Advocate.
The Battle of Farmington.
Camp of 2d Division, Army of the Mississippi, near Farmington.
May 10, 1862.
The Grand Army of the West is slowly but surely advancing on the enemy. The final act in the great drama can not be much longer delayed.
Last Saturday General Paine’s Division advanced to Farmington, within about three miles of Corinth; and after some heavy skirmishing with a considerable force of the enemy, drove them back and took possession of the place. On Sunday, Stanley’s Division (the 2d of Pope’s Command) moved forward to within about three miles of Farmington and went into camp. Paine’s Division had also fallen back to this position, and encamped directly in front of us, leaving only a small force of cavalry to occupy the ground from which the rebels had been driven. Rain fell in such quantities on Sunday and on Sunday night as to render the roads almost impassable for the next two or three days. On Thursday, the roads being considerably improved, these two divisions, Stanley’s and Paine’s, advancing beyond Farmington and reconnoitered the ground up to within a short distance of Corinth, the enemy retiring before us. There was considerable skirmishing during the day, in which we lost several men, but no serious engagement.[1]
Farmington is a small village of about thirty or forty houses, on the road from Corinth to Hamburg, pleasantly situated among open fields which are bounded on every side by the woods. As the position was considerably in advance of the main body of our army, it was deemed prudent towards night to draw off our forces to their camps, which had not been moved, leaving only one brigade in the rear of Farmington to hold the position, or at least hold the enemy in check should he attempt to advance. The brigade thus left is the 2d of Stanley’s Division, commanded by General Plummer and composed of the 26th Illinois, 8th Wisconsin, 47th Illinois and 11th Missouri regiments. The brigade fell back to an open field surrounded by woods, on the right of the Hamburg road and about a mile this side of Farmington, and here remained during the night. Company A of the 8th and four companies from other regiments, under command of Major Jefferson of the 8th, were stationed as outposts during the night, about a mile and a half or two miles in advance of the brigade.
About daylight the next morning the enemy advanced through the woods beyond Farmington and attacked our outposts. Major Jefferson, seeing that the enemy were in strong force, deployed his force as skirmishers, charging them to keep cool and retire slowly, firing as they went. He also sent an orderly to Colonel Loomis of the 26th Illinois (who in the absence of General Plummer commanded the brigade), notifying him of the approach of the enemy and asking for reinforcements. This Colonel Loomis could not grant, as he had instructions not to advance his force beyond their first position. In the meantime the enemy, driving our skirmishers before them, advanced into the village of Farmington and planted a battery there, from which they opened a galling fire upon the skirmishers.
Great credit is due to Major Jefferson and to Captain Redfield, and the other officers and men employed as skirmishers, for the coolness and courage they displayed under the enemy’s fire. Retiring slowly from one sheltered position to another they kept up a galling fire upon the enemy, which caused them to advance with great caution, so that it was more than three hours from their first appearance until they became engaged with our main force.
About ten o’clock, the enemy still advancing in three lines of battle, covered the open fields in front of Farmington and planted another battery in the edge of the woods to the right of our front, about a mile distant. He also soon opened another at about the same distance on our left. About this time General Palmer came up with four Illinois regiments and Hescock’s battery.
Hescock’s battery was placed about five hundred yards in our advance, and two of the regiments were posted a little to the rear and right of the battery, their right resting on the woods and their left in front of the right of our brigade. The other two regiments of Palmer’s Brigade were posted on an elevated position to the left of the Hamburg road. Captain Hescock, who behaved with great gallantly during the engagement, having got his guns in position, opened a very vigorous and apparently very effective fire on the enemy’s battery in the woods on the left.
Their guns for a time were silenced, and there was a short pause in the battle. The enemy were, however, steadily advancing all the time under cover of the woods on our right and left, endeavoring to flank our position, in which they came very near being successful. Soon the rebel batteries opened with redoubled fury. Their guns were evidently manned by skillful artillerists, for they fired with great rapidity and fearful precision. They sent shot and shell alternately into Palmer’s line and then into ours, and at times clear beyond into the woods in our rear, along the only road by which reinforcements could come or a retreat be effected. About twelve o’clock the sharp crack of musketry in our front, mingling with the sullen roar of cannon, told us that Palmer’s men were engaged with the advancing rebel infantry. This officer, seeing that his position was rapidly being flanked, after a few volleys drew off his men and formed another line in our rear. Hescock’s battery vas also compelled to retire in order to avoid capture. This left our line exposed to all the fury of the battle.
Our brigade was drawn up on the side of a gentle rise in the open field, our right and left resting on the woods. The 26th Illinois occupied the right, the 8th Wisconsin on its left, the 47th Illinois on our left, and the 11th Missouri on the extreme left of the line. Palmer having fallen back, and the only battery we had engaged having retired, the enemy now turned their guns upon us, and soon their shot and shell fell thick and fast in our ranks. One of their first shot passed close to the head of Major Jefferson and took off the leg of Lieut.-Colonel Miles of the 47th Illinois, who shortly after died.[2] Another shell struck close to Company G of our regiment and exploded, mortally wounding Lieutenant Beamish and Corporal John White of that company, and slightly wounding another. The first two died soon after they were brought from the field. The brigade was ordered to lie down, and having done so found great protection in the elevated ground in front of it. Still the enemy, depressing their guns, got such accurate range that their shot and shell tore up the ground in every direction along our line, killing and wounding some in each regiment, except the 11th Missouri, who were so far to the left and so completely under cover of the woods that they escaped without the loss of a single man.
Soon the rebel infantry advanced in heavy force in our front and in the woods to our left, and opened fire upon our line. The firing was now, for a short time, absolutely terrific. Grape shot and bullet flew thick and fast as hail in a wintry storm. Men who were through the Mexican war declare that they were never under such a fearful fire before; and it is a matter of astonishment that our casualties were so few. It can only be accounted for by the fact that our men kept close to the ground and so avoided the deadly missiles which passed over them. Nothing is more trying to the nerves of men than thus to have to remain silent and motionless under a fire which they are not permitted to return. The 8th, however, bore it without flinching; until at length Colonel Loomis gave the word: “Up, 8th Wisconsin, and give it to them!
Our boys now rose up, and advancing to the crest of the elevation in front of them poured volley after volley into the rebel ranks. The fearful yells, and still more fearful fire, of the Badger boys evidently produced a stunning effect upon the enemy, for soon their fire slackened, then their lines wavered, and finally they broke and retired in disorder to the cover of the woods. At this time about four hundred of our cavalry came up, and passing our regiment on the right, charged the battery in our front, driving the rebels from their guns; but not being supported, and being exposed to a heavy fire from the rebel infantry in the woods, they were compelled to retire without capturing the battery.[3]
In the meantime, the enemy were rapidly flanking us in the woods on our right, and the regiment supporting us having fallen back, the 8th was also ordered to retire and form another line in the woods in the rear. This our men did in good order, moving off the field almost as deliberately as in ordinary battalion drill.
The enemy still endeavoring to get on our flank and in our rear, and having evidently abundant force for the accomplishment of their object, our entire force was ordered to move through the woods to the road and fall back thereon to our next lines, which we found formed in an open field about a mile and a half in the rear of our first position. By this time the whole of Pope’s command were advancing and forming in line, all supposing that a general engagement had begun. The enemy, however, made no further advance, but hastily withdrew, leaving our pickets to occupy the battlefield during the same night.
During the entire engagement the conduct of the 8th in every way sustained the reputation which the Wisconsin troops have won on other fields. Lieut.-Colonel Robbins (who in the absence of Colonel Murphy commanded the regiment), Major Jefferson and Adjutant Sprague, proved themselves to be brave men and able officers. Indeed, all the officers and men, as far as known, behaved with a steadiness and gallantry worthy of veterans. General Palmer, riding up to the regiment on the field, inquired what regiment it was. Being told that it was the 8th Wisconsin, he said, in a most emphatic manner: “You have done nobly!
It could not have been the intention of General Pope to bring on a general engagement at this point, otherwise we should have been reinforced and held the position at all hazards. The accounts of deserters and prisoners represent the force of the enemy at from twenty to forty thousand strong, commanded by Generals Bragg and Hardee. The force we had on the field was not over five thousand men. We were nearly three miles in advance of the main body of our troops, and the only road by which we could be reinforced is a narrow road running through woods and swamps, which the enemy were able to shell from the position where they had planted their batteries. Being much better acquainted with the country than we, they no doubt intended and expected to surround and cut us off before reinforcements could reach us. In this they were completely foiled, and the reception they met probably convinced them that it would neither be safe nor pleasant to attempt to advance any further in this direction.
The entire loss of all our troops engaged is about one hundred and fifty in killed and wounded. The enemy probably lost quite as many. Though the loss of our regiment (owing to the manner in which they took advantage of the inequalities of the ground) is comparatively light, it yet includes some of our best men. Their names are as follows:
Captain John E. Perkins, Co. C—mortally wounded by a minie ball in the side. Since dead.
Lieutenant Richard D. Beamish, Co. G—Struck by a shell. Dead.
Corporal John A. White, Co. G—struck by a shell. Dead.
Corporal August Ludkie, Co. D—Shot through the hand.
O. D. Leonard, Co. D—shot through the thigh.
Wm. Buckley, Co. C—fracture of the forearm. Since amputated.
Blake W. Griffith, Co. F—shot by musket ball in side.
Sergeant B. Bush and H. W. Allen, Co. F— slightly. Not disabled.
Zebulon Johnson, Co. I—in leg below the knee. Since amputated.
Iver Oleson, Co. I—shot through the neck. Severely.
Alva Wood, Co. I—wounded in leg and missing.
Jas. Kendall, Oliver Wood, George W. Trude, S. B. Cox, Co. I—all slightly.
Harmon V. Sacia, Co. I—missing.
Jas. Rogers, Co. G—slightly.
Hans Nisson and Thomas Toney, Co. K—slightly. Not disabled.
George W. Quimby, John C. Green and Charles Colher, Co. A—slightly. Not disabled.
Three companies had been detailed as outposts during the previous night and as skirmishers in the morning. Only one platoon succeeded in getting to the field in time to take part in the principal engagement. This platoon, under command of Lieutenant Baker, formed alongside of Captain Green’s company, and there rendered good service. Only fourteen men of Company D were present, the rest of the company having mistaken the orders the preceding night and gone back to camp; but these, under command of Lieut. McDowell, rendered good service. Company B was left behind, as a camp guard, so it met with no casualties.
Besides those mentioned in the above list there are quite a number who were struck and more or less scratched and bruised by the enemy’s missiles; but they are scarcely enough damaged to be classed with wounded men. I find, however, that it is customary to swell the list of wounded by reporting as such all who have been in any way scratched or bruised in a fight.
Captain Perkins, who commanded the company known as the Chippewa Eagles, who made such a sensation when they came into Camp Randall with a living eagle (which they still carry with them), was a man of giant frame, and one who had a large heart—a man of the most generous and patriotic impulses. His loss is felt and deeply regretted by the whole regiment.*
Lieut . Beamish, of Company G, was a young man of superior intelligence, of fine social qualities, and a brave and useful officer. Corporal White was a young man of excellent character, intelligent, upright and correct in his deportment, both as a man and as a soldier. There are no better men left than these in this or any other regiment . They offered their lives to their country in her hour of need, and with their blood have sealed their devotion to her integrity and her honor. Peace to their ashes and honor to their memories!
Wm. P. Lyon.
P. S.—I forgot to say that on our return to camp from the battlefield we found that Colonel Murphy had arrived, but too late to be in the engagement. You may be sure the whole regiment was glad to see him.
[1] The Eighth was in General Paine’s Division.
General Paine was a resident of Illinois and a graduate of a military academy, but had resigned from the regular army before the Civil War began. He was an excellent officer; a very brave man; and. although a little rough at times, a great favorite with the men under his command.
A characteristic anecdote of him is that at one time a Tennessee woman came to his headquarters and complained bitterly that the Union soldiers had stolen all of her chickens. The General treated her kindly, blamed the soldiers for their conduct and sympathized with the poor woman in her trouble; but he closed the conversation by saying to her, “Madam, we are going to put down this rebellion if it takes every ______ chicken in the State of Tennessee.”
[2] Colonel Miles was mounting his horse and had just put his foot in the stirrup when a ball struck the foot that was on the ground and took off the leg. He died that night.
[3] The command that made this gallant charge was the 2d Iowa Cavalry, commanded by Colonel (afterward General) Elliott.
