Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

May 2013

Before Vicksburg, Sunday, May 31. Awoke by the side of my team when the sun was high. Went up the hill to see the pieces, but was timely warned by a “whist” by my ear to keep low, as we were within 300 yards of the enemy’s fort, and at the first indication of a man’s head a leaden messenger was sent to him, and safety only existed in keeping out of sight by lying low. Nelson brought our breakfast from camp. Unharnessed our horses and went to water back to our old watering place, exposed to the fire of the sharp-shooters. One of our horses was struck in the neck.

Very warm. Built a shade and lay down to sweat and sleep. At 3 P. M. the rebs opened a fire with a piece of artillery which was returned by a dozen. One of the 10th Iowa killed in rifle pit by our piece.

May 31st. At three A. M., mortar vessels below still firing upon the rebel batteries at Port Hudson; at 10 o’clock called all hands to muster on the quarter-deck, and performed Divine service; nothing of importance occurred during the remainder of this day. The weather continues pleasant, and occasional guns were heard at Port Hudson and in rear of same.

 

May 31 — 3 o’clock a.m. — heavy cannonading going on along our line on the left. 4 o’clock a.m. — Gun boat shelling us. One man belonging to the battery was wounded last night by a shell from the mortar. 6 o’clock a.m. — All appears quiet on our lines at this hour. The Yankees threw shells at us occasionally all day. W.R.C.

May 31.—A battle occurred in Lincoln County, Mo., between a large body of guerrillas, and the enrolled militia of the county, resulting in the defeat of the latter, with a loss of ten men.—The National gunboat Alert, lying at the navy-yard at Norfolk, Va., took fire this morning. The fire soon reaching her magazine, a shell exploded, which went through her bottom, and she sank immediately. — A cavalry reconnoissance was made from Somerset, Ky., to within four miles of Monticello, during which, sixteen rebels, with their arms and horses, were captured.

—A force of Union cavalry, under the command of Colonel F. M. Cornyn, Tenth Missouri cavalry, returned to Corinth, Miss., after the successful raid into Alabama. They were absent five days, during which time, they had a fight (May twenty-seventh) with a body of rebel guerrillas, under Colonel Roddy, at Florence, Ala., routing them with considerable loss; they destroyed seven cotton factories, with all their contents, valued at one million five hundred thousand dollars; a number of steam flour-mills and sawmills, a number of blacksmiths’ shops, a large number of wagons, an immense quantity of powder, and other ammunition, and a large quantity of English-manufactured arms. The bridge at Florence, and a number of houses were burned, and the Nationals returned with six hundred head of horses, mules, and oxen, one hundred prisoners, and a large number of negroes.

by John Beauchamp Jones

MAY 31ST.—The commissioners, appointed for the purpose, have agreed upon the following schedule of prices for the State of Virginia, under the recent impressment act of Congress; and if a large amount of suppliess be furnished at these prices—which are fifty, sometimes one hundred per cent. lower than the rates private individuals are paying—it will be good proof that all patriotism is not yet extinct :

” Wheat, white, per bushel of 60 pounds, $1.50; flour, superfine, per barrel of 196 pounds, $22.50; corn, white, per bushel of 56 pounds, $4; unshelled corn, white, per bushel of 56 pounds, $3.95; corn-meal, per bushel of 50 pounds, $1.20; rye, per bushel of 56 pounds, $3.20; cleaned oats, per bushel of 32 pounds, $2; wheat-bran, per bushel of 17 pounds, 50 cents; shorts, per bushel of 22 pounds, 70 cents; brown stuff, per bushel of 28 pounds, 90 cents; ship stuff, per bushel of 37 pounds, $1.40; bacon, hoground, per pound, $1; salt pork, per pound, $1 ; lard, per pound, $ ; horses, first class, artillery, etc., average price per head, $350; wool, per pound, $3; peas, per bushel of 60 pounds, $4; beans, per bushel of 69 pounds, $4; potatoes, Irish, per bushel of 69 pounds, $4; potatoes, sweet, per bushel of 69 pounds, $5; onions, per bushel of 60 pounds, $5; dried peaches, peeled, per bushel of 38 pounds, $8; dried peaches, unpeeled, per bushel of 38 pounds, $4.50; dried apples, peeled, per bushel of 28 pounds, $3.”

Saturday, 30th.—Gunboats from below throwing shell every half-hour; mortars throwing shells pretty freely; these mortar shells were about twenty-two inches in diameter, and made more noise than they did execution.

On the Front Royal Pike at the Shawnee Springs. A fine supply of good cold water. The location was fine and the camp was known as Camp Shawnee. Severe duty began right away. Picket, scouting through the country, working on the fort and rifle pits, with axe, pick, and shovel. The large fort was known as the Star Fort. Many of the boys had never used or handled that kind of tools. It was hard work. After a hard day’s work came the march back to camp, a distance of about four miles. Then clean up and get something to eat. Various duty came to us each day. Made out to get some pleasure out of the life of a soldier as the days passed by.

May 30th. The regiment, with cavalry escort, ordered up the valley. After a march of ten miles came to a halt at Newtown. Muskets stacked along the main street. The cavalry continued to advance with flag of truce. After a few hours’ wait the cavalry returned and with them were some poor people who were ordered out of the rebel lines. They were Union people, mostly women and children. They were nearly famished and were known as refugees. Their faces brightened up when they saw us and the flags. We divided our rations with them and made coffee for them. We guarded them back to Winchester. Later on they were sent North. Not very much change in our line of duty from day to day. Scouting, picket duty, working on the forts and rifle pits which kept us very busy.

Headquarters 1st Army Corps, May 30, 1863.

Dear Father, — I received your letter yesterday in regard to George, and will try and show it to Colonel Hayes. I am sorry that the Governor has sent George’s name back, as Colonel Hayes took George almost solely on my recommendation, as I had lost those you sent me, and now I am afraid that he will think that the Governor is opposed to George. I shall see him as soon as I can get away from camp. The regiment (18th) had no chance to distinguish itself at Chancellorsville, and only lost one man killed and half a dozen wounded, so that there was no chance for any man to deserve promotion for bravery.

I am very pleasantly situated now with General Reynolds. The way I came to leave General Benham was as follows: you know that I tried to get off his staff as soon as that trouble occurred that night. For some time he did not know that I was trying to leave him, and he did not dare send me away, for fear that I would tell people that I was sent away for saying that he was drunk. He told an officer, whom I know quite well, and whom he did not know I was acquainted with, that he should not touch Weld this time, but that he would give it to him in a little while. The old rascal meant to let this affair pass by, and then try and catch me on something and play the mischief with me. By some means or other, he got wind of my efforts to get a position on another staff, — I think myself that he listened to some conversation going on in my tent, — and so he thought he would get ahead of me, and send me back to my regiment, and at the same time prevent my getting on General Sedgwick’s staff, so that by having the odium of being sent back to my regiment on me, I could not get another staff position, and could do him no harm in my regiment, where whatever I might say would be confined to a limited circulation. I can tell you he is the most cunning and bitter man I know of. I found out everything that he was planning, and so went to him immediately and told him that thinking my presence would not be agreeable to him, after what occurred between us in regard to that night, I had been trying to obtain a position on another staff, and that I hoped to hear the next day in regard to it; that if I was not successful, I should like to return to my regiment. He said that he supposed I had been trying to leave him, and that he had selected another aide to fill my place. I then said that I would like my resignation to take effect two days from that time. He asked me where I was trying to go. I said that I would rather not tell him. He then spoke about what I had done, and said that I had committed a gross violation of good faith, etc. I told him that I had acted solely from what I considered my duty, and that I felt that I had done perfectly right. I then went over to headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, where I met General Reynolds and told him that I had resigned my place as A. D. C. to General Benham and would like to go with him as acting aide if he was willing to have me. He said that he should like to have me very much indeed. That when he heard that I had gone with Benham he felt very sorry, for he felt sure that I could not get along with him. I told him the whole story, and what I had done. He said that I had done perfectly right; that he saw him that night, and knew that he was drunk, and that General Wadsworth also knew that he was drunk. I felt very much relieved indeed. The day I left him, and while on my way to General Reynolds’s, I stopped at General Sedgwick’s and said that I wished to have a few minutes’ conversation with him about that night. He said that I had done right. He asked me as I came in, whether old Benham had shipped me, or I old Benham. General Reynolds has been very kind to me, indeed, throughout the whole of this affair.

We have had orders to move for two or three days, but I suppose we shall stay here for a while. I think that the enemy have been threatening our right flank, and that we were to move up there, but as a division of the Fifth Corps has already gone there, I think there will be no necessity for our moving for some time. I think the enemy will assume the offensive before we do, and I am afraid now that they will try and cut us off from Washington.

All General Benham’s staff have left him except Captain Clapp, his A. A. G., and Captain Strang, his Q. M. They will leave as soon as possible. I hear that he is very bitter on his staff, indeed.

The weather here has been extremely dry and hot for some time. It is entirely different from our weather up North, or rather its effects are different. Here I can sit all day with coat off and do anything of that kind, which up North would give me a severe cold. I suppose living in the open air all the time has a great deal to do with it. . . .

We had a review of the corps this morning at 7 o’clock. There were only some 8000 men out. The 13th Massachusetts made a very fine appearance. Indeed our Massachusetts troops are ahead of any others that I see, except some of the Western troops, who make fine soldiers. Jarves’s old regiment, the 2d Wisconsin, is in this corps, and a fine regiment it is. . . .

May 30.— I got up this morning at 5.30, as we were to have a review of the corps at 7 o’clock by General Reynolds. The ground selected was near Colonel Shaler’s headquarters, and considering the wind and dust and rain, I think the review passed off well. There were about 8000 men out. I rode over to see Captain Starr in the afternoon. Also went to Engineer Brigade, and had my horse shod. Saw Van B., etc. Captains Clapp and Strang came over here in the evening.

Railroad Engine General Haupt

Wood burning locomotive “Gen. Haupt” named for Herman Haupt, chief of Construction and Transportation, in front of the roundhouse at the Alexandria station.

1863 photograph by Andrew J. Russell.

Library of Congress image.

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