Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Wednesday, July 24, 2013

Camp White, July 24, [1863].

Dearest: — The happiness of this week’s operations is dashed by the death of Captain Delany and the probable loss of a number of other good officers and men in our cavalry. Captains Delany [and] Gilmore, the Thirty-fourth mounted infantry, and Second Virginia Cavalry left Raleigh, on the day we returned from there, to cut the Tennessee Railroad at or near Wytheville. On the very day we (the infantry) were gaining bloodless (or almost bloodless) victories over Morgan on the Ohio, our cavalry were fighting a most desperate battle with superior numbers three hundred miles off at Wytheville. Our men were victorious, carried the town by storm, but they lost Colonel Toland, Thirty-fourth killed, Colonel Powell, Second Virginia, mortally wounded, Captain Delany, killed, his two lieutenants, mortally wounded (you know them both), and four other lieutenants, wounded; thirteen privates, killed, and fifty, wounded or prisoners. It was a most creditable but painful affair.

I am expecting my two companies, the survivors, back tomorrow. Wytheville has been one of the most violent Rebel towns from the first. They always talked of “no quarter,” “the black flag,” etc. The citizens fired from their houses on the troops as they rode in. Colonel Powell was shot in the back. The town was burned to ashes. I will write you more about it when they get in.

We are cleaning camp and getting settled again. The old lady moved into the cottage when we left; I occupy the tent Captain and Mrs. Hood were in. Captain Zimmerman went today to relieve Captain Hunter as commandant of post at Gallipolis.

Uncle Scott and Uncle Moses will feel very hopeful in view of this month’s work. We have taken, as I reckon it, seventy thousand prisoners this month besides killing or disabling perhaps fifteen thousand to twenty-thousand more. A pretty big army of Rebels disposed of.

Morgan is not yet caught. He may get off, but his ruin is very complete. — Love to all.

Affectionately, your

R.

Mrs. Hayes.

Friday, 24th—We remained here in bivouac all day. Orders came for our brigade to return to Black river bridge and remain there until relieved by General Sherman. The cars are coming through now from Vicksburg twice a day. We are very anxious for mail, having had none for many days, and are disappointed in not receiving any today. We put in our time today cleaning clothes.

July 24, Friday. This being Cabinet day, Mr. Seward spent an hour with the President, and when the rest came in, he immediately withdrew. Some inquiry was made in regard to army movements and Meade in particular, but no definite information was communicated. Meade is watching the enemy as fast as he can since he let them slip and get away from him.

Some cheering news from Foster, who has cut the great Southern Railroad and burnt the bridge over Tar River.

A force from Kelley has also seized and destroyed the Southwestern Railroad at Wytheville. While something efficient is being done by Union generals with small commands, the old complaint of inactivity and imbecility is again heard against the great Army of the Potomac. Meade is — I say it in all kindness — unequal to his position, cannot grasp and direct so large a command, would do better with a smaller force and more limited field, or as second under a stronger and more able general. If he hesitates like McClellan, it is for a different reason. Since the Battle of Gettysburg he has done nothing but follow Lee at a respectful distance.

July 24.— General John Morgan, with his guerrillas, was attacked at Washington, Ohio, by a party of National troops under Major Krouse, and driven from the town.—The blockade-runner Emma, in latitude 33° 41′, longitude 76° 13′, was captured by the National transport steamer Arago, under the command of Captain Gadsden.—The bombardment of Charleston was renewed this morning, and continued all day, except for a short time, during which a flag of truce visited the rebel authorities and perfected an exchange of prisoners.—Brashear City, La., was occupied by the National forces.—A fight took place at Wapping Heights, near Manassas Gap, Va., between a brigade of National troops under the command of General Spinola, and a brigade of rebels under General Wright, resulting in the defeat and rout of the latter.—(Doc. 104.)

—The battle of Big Mound, Dakotah, was fought this day.—(Doc. 110.)

—Major-general J. G. Foster, at Newbern, N. C., made the following report to headquarters at Washington:

“I have the honor to report that the cavalry raid, having for its object the destruction of the railroad bridge at Rocky Mount, has returned completely successful. The expedition consisted of the Third regiment New-York cavalry and a squadron of the Twelfth, and of Mix’s men, (cavalry,) and one company of the North-Carolina regiment, and was under the command of Brigadier-General Edward E. Potter, Chief-of-Staff.

“The bridge over the Tar River, at Rocky Mount, a station on the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, was completely destroyed. The bridge was three hundred and fifty feet long, and the trestle-work over one hundred more. A cotton mill, filled; a flouring-mill, containing one thou sand barrels of flour and large quantities of hard bread; a machine-shop, containing shells, gun powder, and every munition of war; a large depot, offices, etc.; an engine and a train of cars; a wagon-train of twenty-five wagons, filled with stores and munitions; an armory and ma chine-shop, with the machinery and materials and eight hundred bales of cotton, were all destroyed.

“At Tarboro, two steamboats and one large and fine iron-clad in process of construction, a saw-mill, a train of cars, one hundred bales of cotton, and large quantities of subsistence and ordnance stores, were destroyed; about one hundred prisoners taken, and some three hundred animals, (horses and mules.)

“Some three hundred contrabands followed the expedition into Newbern. The force had constant fighting with the enemy, who made great endeavors to intercept their return, but in every case the enemy’s position was either turned or they were compelled to retire. Our loss in killed, wounded, and missing, will not exceed twenty-five men.”—(Doc. 101.)

—A slight resistance to the draft occurred at Lancaster, Pa.—Alexander H. Stephens, the Vice-President of the rebel government, delivered a speech at Charlotte, N. C., expressing entire confidence in the ability of the rebels to maintain their cause and achieve independence.— (Doc. 42.)

Charles Francis Adams to His Son

London, July 24, 1863

The last steamers brought us startling intelligence. Vicksburg fallen! There has been nothing like it since New Orleans. One was the complement of the other. It sounds the knell of the confederation scheme. Great has been the disappointment and consternation here! Just at the moment, too, when they were hoping and believing its complete establishment and recognition at hand. Could anything be more provoking. The Salons of this great metropolis are in tears; tears of anger mixed with grief. They moreover refuse to be comforted. They madly struggle with the event, denying that it was possible. Fate cannot be so cruel!

Mr. Seward was kind enough to send me a special telegram announcing the event, which reached me at breakfast on Sunday morning. I tried to bear up under the intelligence with a suitable degree of moderation. Not having any idea how deeply our English friends would take it to heart, I ventured to indulge a slight sense of satisfaction. Fortunately I went to church in the city, where nobody knew me, and therefore nobody could be scandalised. It would have been hard on them, you know, to be joyful in the midst of their sorrow. Doubtless they would have been as much offended as they showed themselves on reading my famous letter exposing their secret practises. I took care to look resigned. The only persons whom I met were Americans, excepting perhaps Mr. Browning, and to him as to them I disclosed my secret. He, like them, appeared not to be depressed, but rather elated. Luckily, there was nobody at hand to mark the impropriety.

Five days have passed away. Another steamer has brought intelligence quite confirmatory, but not sufficient to overcome the determined incredulity that has succeeded the first shock. I recollect it was very much so with New Orleans. The only difference was that the passions had not then become so deeply enlisted in the struggle. . . .

Parliament is just now coming to an end. This is the third session since the breaking out of our troubles, and its position has not yet been essentially varied towards America. On looking back and remembering how I felt on each return of the body, it seems to me as if we had reason for gratulation that we are yet in peace with this country. The great causes of apprehension have died away. The cotton famine and Lancashire distress have not proved such serious troubles as we had feared. Great Britain has not in her domestic condition any cause to seek for violent or extraordinary remedial measures. The country is highly prosperous. I am well pleased that it should remain so, if it will only consent to indulge its predilections and its lamentations in words addressed to the empty air. Vox, et praeterea nihil!

July 24 — The enemy forced Chester’s Gap late yesterday evening, consequently we had orders to march at daylight this morning. We passed through White Post, crossed the Winchester and Front Royal pike, and moved in the fork of the Big and Little Shenandoah near Front Royal. The Yankees were then in Front Royal, and soon after we arrived in the fork of the river their sharpshooters advanced on us in a heavy line, and we retired toward Strasburg without trying to hurt any of them.

We passed through Strasburg late this evening. Just before we arrived there General Early’s infantry marched up the Valley pike. We are camped this evening on Fisher’s Hill.

July 24—Marched two miles up Chester Gap, when we were about faced and marched through Front Royal again. We here took the Strasburg road at daylight. We resumed our march, and halted at 3 in the evening. We have been on a forced march three days and nights, waded rivers, fought skirmishes, and marched in that time forty-five miles. We are camped in an apple orchard in a village called Milford.

July 24th. During the morning received fresh beef and vegetables for crew. Carpenters at work repairing fore-top-gallant mast; at two P. M. had top-gallant mast ready to send aloft.

24th. After breakfast drew 5 days’ rations. Regt. moved about 9 A. M. with horses. Got permission from Major to be absent from Regt. for 5 days. Going around with S. R. Nettleton. Thede goes across too. Shall send my mare home. Passed through Pomeroy, Rutland and Athens. Fed and rested.

Sunday, 19thFriday, 24th—Usual routine of camp duty. A protracted meeting going on, conducted by Parson Bunting and others, commenced Sunday. I am on duty every other day. Weather warm and dry.