Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Monday, May 12, 2014

May 12, Thursday. Late last night, Mr. Byington, a newspaper correspondent, called at my house. He left General Grant’s headquarters at 8 A.M. yesterday. Reports hard fighting on Tuesday, but represents our troops to have had the best of it. General Robinson, severely wounded, arrived in Washington.

Secretary Chase sends me a letter that the Treasury is unwilling to pay bills drawn abroad in coin, and wishes the Department to buy coin and pay the bills independent of the Treasury. In other words, the Treasury Department declines to meet government obligations as heretofore. It is incapable of discharging its fiscal duties, is no longer to be a fiscal but a brokerage establishment for borrowing money and issuing a baseless, fictitious paper currency. These are the inglorious results of the schemes and speculations of our financier, and the end is not yet. There will be a general breakdown under this management.

[May 12th] It still rained, and just before daylight became quite foggy, so that we were slightly delayed. Everything being ready, however, as soon as the first streak of daylight appeared in the eastern skies, the command to move forward was given, and without noise the whole solid column stepped out, closely followed by the second line. Arms were carried at the right shoulder, and on we went, a solid mass, moving very rapidly; the rebel picket was soon encountered, but we ran right over it, and upon reaching the neighborhood of the Landron house, received the fire of the picket reserve, but pressed steadily forward, paying no attention to it. Soon the earthworks loomed into view close by, when with a prolonged cheer, at the double quick, the whole force charged over the intervening ground, swarmed over the parapet, and taking them entirely by surprise and unprepared, got behind them, and hustled them all over the works into the arms of our reserves. It was a complete success. The rebels fired only a very few shots, and were mostly asleep when we rushed into their works. The first piece of luck we have had for many a day. We captured Major-General Edward Johnson and Brigadier General George H. Stuart, together with four thousand men and eighteen guns. The whole angle and perhaps half a mile of their lines was in our hands, but when we attempted to move forward, found a second line, now fully on the alert and too strong to be carried; so our men promptly went to work to face the captured lines the other way; before they were completed, however, the enemy came forward in immense numbers and made the most desperate attempt to recover their lost ground. They seemed determined to gain back at any cost what had been lost, and the most severe close fighting of the war ensued. The enemy several times got close up to the parapet, and reaching over the men on opposite sides did their best to bayonet each other. Batteries were brought up, and firing over our heads into the masses of the enemy inflicted enormous losses: trees eighteen inches in diameter were cut down by the fire of musket balls but the enemy could not recover what they had lost, nor could we advance, and towards the middle of the night they withdrew to form a new line in rear of the one now covered with dead. It was a tremendous struggle, bravely maintained throughout the day, both sides showing the utmost gallantry and determination. General Hancock was much elated with his success. When the rebel General Stuart was marching to the rear Hancock came riding along, and recognizing him as an old army friend of days gone by, put out his hand, but the rebellious gentleman refused the proffered shake, and lost much in our estimation for so doing. One of the pleasant features of our fighting is that none of us consider it a personal affair and individually are as friendly to any of our captured antagonists as though no state of war existed. There is no personal animosity whatever, so far as I have seen.

The enemy withdrew during the night, and the army of the Potomac under the indomitable Grant, prepared immediately to follow them.

[Here ends Diary of a Young Officer–Josiah Marshall Favill]

Thursday, May 12th.

Reached the vicinity of Tabernacle Church at about five o’clock A. M., where a ration of fresh beef was issued, and the men who had dropped out during the night came straggling in. Saw a force of cavalry a little way off, with uniforms literally covered with yellow braid, and learned that it had just come from Rhode Island to join General Burnside’s Ninth Corps, and is known as Burnside’s Butterfly Cavalry. Left the church at 11 A. M. and going to the front reported to General Warren. On the way passed the 3rd Penn. Artillery, which we left at Fort Marcy in March. The Second Corps took several thousand prisoners and nineteen guns to-day. The rebel General Johnson and another general officer, who were captured in Barlow’s charge, passed through our line in an ambulance and looked madder than wet hens. And well they might, for it rained all day, thus adding to the bedraggled appearance of the captives. Many of the captured guns were parked near us, and for a time we were formed in line near them to repel any effort to recapture them. We have little idea where we are or what is going on about us. It was reported that the cavalry sent out to cut the rebel communication with Gordonsville, had destroyed eight miles of railroad and two trains of cars, and had taken about five hundred prisoners. All told we marched about twelve miles to-day.

by John Beauchamp Jones

            MAY 12TH.—Thunder, lightning, and rain all day.

            The report of Gen. Lee’s victory was premature, and Butler has not gone, nor the raiders vanished. On the contrary, the latter were engaged in battle with Stuart’s division late in the afternoon, and recommenced it this morning at 3 o’clock, the enemy remaining on the ground, and still remain, some five miles from where I write. Major-Gen. J. E. B. Stuart was wounded last evening, through the kidney, and now lies in the city, in a dying condition! Our best generals thus fall around us.

            The battle raged furiously; every gun distinctly heard at our house until 1 P.M.—the enemy being intrenched between our middle and outer line of works. Meantime our ambulances are arriving every hour with the wounded, coming in by the Brooke Turnpike.

            The battalion my sons are in lost none of its men, though shelled by the enemy early in the morning; nor do we know that our battery did any execution. Capt. Warner delivered the provisions their mother cooked for them yesterday. He saw only Custis, who gladly received the bread, and meat, and eggs; but he and Tom were both drenched with rain, as they had no shelter yesterday. But a comrade, and one of Custis’s Latin pupils, whom I saw, returned on sick leave, says Thomas stands the fatigue and exposure better than Custis, who was complaining.

            About 11 A. M. to-day there was very heavy reports of cannon heard in the direction of Drewry’s Bluff, supposed to be our battery shelling the country below, for some purpose.

            I understand one or more of our iron-clads will certainly go out this evening, or to-night; we shall know it when it occurs, for the firing will soon follow.

            Worked in my garden; set out corn and (yellow) tomatoes; the former given me by my neighbor, to whom I had given lettuce and beet plants.

            My wife spent a miserable day, some one having reported that the Departmental Battalion was cut to pieces in the battle. When I came in, she asked me if Custis and Thomas were alive, and was exceedingly glad to know not a man in the company had been even wounded.

            I shall never forget the conformation of the clouds this morning as the storm arose. There were different strata running in various directions. They came in heaviest volume from the southeast in parallel lines, like lines of battle swooping over the city. There were at the same time shorter and fuller lines from the southwest, and others from the north. The meeting of these was followed by tremendous clashes of lightning and thunder; and between the pauses of the artillery of the elements above, the thunder of artillery on earth could be distinctly heard. Oh that the strife were ended! But Richmond is to be defended at all hazards.

            It is said, however, that preparations have been made for the flight of the President, cabinet, etc. up the Danville Road, in the event of the fall of the city. Yet no one fears that the present forces environing it could take it. If Lee withstands Grant another week, all will be safe. My greatest fear is the want of provisions. My wife bought a half bushel of meal; so we have a week’s supply on hand, as we were not quite out. I hope Beauregard will soon restore communication with the South.

May 12th.—We are in just such a camp as I was in once near Jacinto, Miss. Hills, hollows and splendid pines. Pine knots can be picked up by the bushel, and the pitch smoke will soon enable us to pass for members of the “Corps d’Afrique.” I am perfectly disgusted with this whole business. Everything I have written down I have had from the Division Staff, and that without pumping. I am beginning to believe that there is no enemy anywhere in the vicinity, and that we are nowhere ourselves, and am sure that the generals do not let the staff of our division know anything. The railroad was not cut at daylight this morning, for I heard a train whistle and rattle along it. I do know for certain that we are putting up some huge works here, and that they run from mountain to mountain across this gorge.