Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Friday, May 23, 2014

Monday, May 23d.

At 5 o’clock A. M. we joined the wagon train as a guard, and marched about twelve miles to Mt. Carmel Church, where we arrived at half-past eleven and were permitted to halt and boil our coffee. The Second Corps passed to our left and the Fifth Corps to our right, and with the latter Corps we crossed the North Anna River, and in a short time skirmishing commenced and a battle opened vigorously at about 5 o’clock, which lasted some two hours. We understand that Gen’l Hill’s rebel Corps is in our front. The night was spent digging rifle pits and getting our troops into position.

Monday, 23d—It has been very warm but pleasant for several days. Reveille roused us this morning at 3 o’clock and at 4 our brigade started, taking the advance. Our last night’s bivouac is just twelve miles northwest of Huntsville and we had a fine road to travel on coming into town. There is some very fine country with splendid farms around Huntsville. We entered the town at 10 o’clock and went into camp, lying here the rest of the day. Here we got our knapsacks and a large mail. I received a letter and likeness from Miss G ——. All of the non-veterans joined their regiments this afternoon. Our quartermaster received a consignment of clothing for the regiment.

Four miles northwest of Van Wirt, Ga.,

May 23, 1864.

Weather is getting very hot. We have made 21 miles today, and the distance, heat and dust have made it by far the hardest march we have had for a year. Excepting about six miles of dense pine woods the country we have passed through has been beautiful, quite rolling, but fertile and well improved. In the midst of the pine woods we stopped to rest at Hollis’ Mill, a sweet looking little 17-year old lady here told me she was and always had been Union, and that nearly all the poor folks here are Union. In answer to some questions about the roads and country, she said, “Well, now, I was born and raised right here, and never was anywhere, and never see anybody, and I just don’t know anything at all.”

I never saw so many stragglers as to-day. For 12 miles no water was to be had; then we came to a spring, a very large one, say 4 or 5 hogsheads a minute. All the officers in the army could not have kept the men in ranks. Saw no cases of sunstroke, but two of my men from heat turned blue with rush of blood to the head, and had to leave the ranks. Some think we are moving on Montgomery, Ala. Our orders say we need not hope for railroad communications for 20 days; I think that Atlanta is our point, although we were 50 miles from there this morning and 60 to-night. The planters in this country own thousands of negroes, and they’ve run them all off down this road. They are about two days ahead of us, and the poor people say as thick on the road as we are. Have passed several to-day who escaped from their masters.

Monday, May 23. — Started at 6.45 A.M. and marched until 7.30 P.M. Very tiresome march, as we had to keep halting and then making a long stretch. Most of the men out of rations. Hancock immediately in our front, fighting for the ford over North Anna River. Hear that he has it. Warren has crossed on the right. Sharp firing there. Saw Captain Sleeper this evening. Crossed the Mat, Ta and Po rivers.[1]


[1] These, when united with the Nye, make the Mattapony River.

May 23 — Early this morning the Yanks advanced on us at the North Anna River. We put our guns into battery on the north side of the river and opened fire on the advancing cavalry; we held them in check for a few hours. We had two regiments of infantry supporting our position, and General Rosser’s brigade of cavalry was in front between us and the advancing enemy. But as the morning wore away toward the middle of the day the Yankee infantry advanced in force and fixed for business; then we fell back to the south side of the North Anna, and put our guns in battery on the southern heights in a good commanding position.

Where the Hanover Junction road crosses the North Anna the country is low and level on the Caroline or north side of the river, and on the Hanover side the land is much higher, and rises in bold bluff-like hills right from the river bank. On top of one of the hills we had our pieces in position, close to the river and not far from the ford. There are some old earthworks on the hills along the south side of the river; I suppose they were thrown up in the summer of 1862, when General McClellan tried his hand on Richmond.

The enemy in our front advanced to within about a mile and a quarter of our position and established a battle line along the edge of a woods, with their cavalry in front of the infantry line. We opened a slow and steady fire on their line and shelled it for a while, but when their line clung to the woods and did not advance usward any farther we ceased firing in order to save our ammunition for close work in case the enemy would have attempted to force the river.

After we ceased firing and were looking with uneasy anxiety every moment for the Yankee line to advance on us and attempt to ford the river, our cavalry in the meantime was busily engaged in clearing the decks for action, by tearing away fences and piling up rails in a sheltering breastwork fashion on the hills around us.

A spirit of disquieting uneasiness and subdued excitement seemed to prevail among officers and men as they gazed at the glittering line of the foe that was menacing us and ready to rush across the plain in our front at any moment and attempt to crush and wipe us out. To enhance the awe-inspiring grandeur of the martial scene and array, a flashlight of friendly relief gleamed across the threatening battle-cloud that was ready and throbbing to burst into battle’s fiery storm at any instant. Then I heard the beating drums sounding the alarming thrill of the long roll in General A. P. Hill’s camp, about a mile away in the direction of Hanover Junction, which meant “to the rescue” of the cavalry and horse artillery. After we had endured the nerve-trying suspense for an hour or so, and every man was standing at his post ready for the fray and to do or die, some one remarked: “Yonder comes a carriage across the field.” As it was an unusual occurrence to see a carriage drive on a field that was stripped ready for fight, I looked to the rear and saw a carriage with a single horseman riding behind it, coming right toward our position where we had our guns in battery. The carriage drove up close to our guns and stopped. When the door opened who should step out but our beloved and confidence-inspiring General Robert E. Lee, and the first glimpse of the grand old chieftain instilled new life and vigor into the whole command and dispersed the gloomy mist which was gathering around the star of Hope and lifted a burden of momentous anxiety that had settled along our line; I felt like a new man all over.

General Lee came right to where my gun was in position and leaned against a large pine tree not more than ten feet from my piece; he then, without the least sign of agitation, slowly drew his field glass from the case and carefully scanned the enemy’s battle line; he commenced the scrutinizing gaze at the right of their line on that part which was farthest up the river. After he swept from end to end with his glass he turned around and remarked to the horseman that accompanied him, “Orderly, go back and tell General A. P. Hill to leave his men in camp; this is nothing but a feint, the enemy is preparing to cross below.” Then he put his glass back in the case, got in his carriage and went back toward Hanover Junction. A single glance from the old warrior’s eye, like a flash of genius, instantly penetrated and fathomed the depths of the enemy’s design, for in less than ten minutes after he left his carriage he was back in it again and on his way to some other point lower down the river. As the day rolled by the developments of the enemy’s manipulations and maneuverings proved the infallibility of General Lee’s judgment and quick perception, for the enemy is now this evening crossing the North Anna below, just as he predicted, and the demonstration at the ford where we were was nothing but an extensive and well-planned feint.

We remained in position until nearly night, then we were relieved by a couple regiments of infantry and a battalion of artillery, and we moved back to Taylorsville, four miles due south of Hanover Junction, and camped. Taylorsville is composed of half-a-dozen houses situated on Little River and on the Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad. Little River is a small stream between the North and South Anna, and empties into the North Anna. Weather hot and roads dusty.

Huntsville, Monday, May 23. Very warm, sultry day. Performed the pleasant task of signing pay roll, expect a month’s soon. Change getting low on all sides. Heavy columns of troops arrived all day. Leggett’s Division, 17th Army Corps expect to reorganize ere leaving for the front. I anticipate that we will soon be relieved to join our Corps in the front with gallant Sherman, who is doing much. Expects to be in Atlanta by the first of June. Terrible uncertainty hangs over Grant. A heavy mail arrived this evening. I received two good ones from T. L. and E. L. 63rd Illinois returned from veteran furlough.

23d.—Our young relative, Lieutenant G., a member of General Stuart’s staff, who was always near his person, has just been giving us a most gratifying account of General Stuart’s habits. He says, that although he considered him one of the most sprightly men he has ever seen, devoted to society, particularly to that of the ladies, always social and cheerful, yet he has never seen him do any thing, even under the strongest excitement, unbecoming his Christian profession or his high position as a soldier; he never saw him drink, or heard an oath escape his lips; his sentiments were always high-minded, pure, and honourable, and his actions entirely coincided with them. In short, he considered him, whether on the field or in the private circle, the model of a Christian gentleman and soldier. When speaking of his gallantry as an officer, Lieutenant G’s admiration knows no bounds. He speaks of the devotion of the soldiers to him as enthusiastic in the extreme. The evening before his fatal wound, he sent his troops on in pursuit of Sheridan, under the command of General Fitz Lee, as he was unavoidably detained for some three or four hours. General Lee overtook the enemy, and a sharp skirmish ensued, in which Sheridan’s rear suffered very much. In the mean time, General Stuart determined to overtake General Lee, and, with his staff, rode very rapidly sixteen miles, and reached him about nightfall. They were halting for a few moments, as General Stuart rode up quietly, no one suspecting he was there, until a plain-looking soldier crossed the road, stopped, peered through the darkness into his face, and shouted out, “Old Jeb has come!” In an instant the air was rent with huzzas. General Stuart waved his cap in recognition; but called out in rather a sad voice, “My friends, we won’t halloo until we get out of the woods!” intimating that there was serious work before them. At that hour the next night he was pursuing his weary and suffering way to Richmond. A friend, who knows how much I regretted not being able to serve General Stuart in any way, or even to be at his funeral, has been so kind as to write me a minute account of his sickness, death, and burial. “Perhaps (she says) it is not generally known how entirely General Stuart sacrificed his life to save Richmond. An officer of high rank, who knew the circumstances, told me that in all the war there was not one man more truly a martyr to our cause. In the many raids upon Richmond there was none in which we seemed in such imminent peril as the one in which General Stuart has just fallen. How we listened, and watched, and prayed, as the cannon sounded nearer and nearer, and even the volleys of musketry could be heard out on the roads by which the enemy were approaching! We knew that General Stuart had a band of about 2,000 cavalry against overwhelming odds on the Yankee side, and that he knew that upon this 2,000 men alone it depended to bar the enemy’s approach on that side. He met the Yankees, 5,000 strong, beat them back, and fell in the encounter! It was with difficulty that he could be rescued from those who were bearing him away, but one of his own troopers saved him, and with his staff and surgeon (Dr. John Fontaine) bore him to the city. We heard that he was dying, and, in spite of the anxiety and confusion reigning at such a time, many of us rushed to Dr. Brewer’s house to hear tidings of the beloved commander, whose gallantry, whose youthful gayety and chivalrous character, made him the prince among our cavalry officers. His life was ebbing out from internal hemorrhage; but his senses were as clear and his mind as calm as noontide. He asked repeatedly for his wife, who, though but fifteen miles away, could not be reached, so completely was the city hemmed in by the enemy. By his side stood our President, who, upon hearing of his situation, had hastened to thank him in the name of his country. ‘I have but done my duty,’ was the soldier’s reply. And near him was the minister of God, good Mr. Peterkin, of whose church (Episcopal) General S. was a member. He asked for his favourite hymn, and joined his feeble voice with the touching words: ‘I would not live alway.’ From time to time, he turned his head to ask, ‘Is she come?” But she, for whom his loving heart so yearned, came not till that heart was stilled forever. At the funeral—at the head of his coffin—sat the soldier who had rescued him, all battle-stained and soiled; and near by, the members of his staff, who all adored him. Upon the coffin lay a sword, formed of delicate white flowers, a cross of white roses, and above these the heavenly crown, symbolized by one of green bay-leaves. We followed him to the church, where, after appropriate ceremonies, attended by many persons, his body was taken to Hollywood Cemetery. No martial pomp, no soldier’s funeral, but—

 

“‘Slowly and sadly we laid him down,

From the field of his fame fresli and gory;

We carved not a line, we raised not a stone,

But we left him alone with his glory.’

 

Everybody was struck with the resemblance to the funeral so beautifully described in the lines just quoted. As we passed, in slow procession—

 

‘”We knew by the distant and random gun,

That the foe was sullenly firing.’

 

These guns were his funeral knell, sounding at intervals the solemn peal, with which, in the haste and uncertainty of the time, it was impossible for us to honour him.”

One of the morning papers has some lines on the same subject, more poetic, though not so graphic, as the account given by my friend:

 

“J. E. B. STUART.

 

“We could not pause, while yet the noontide air

Shook with the cannonade’s incessant pealing,

The funeral pageant, fitly to prepare,

A nation’s grief revealing.

 

“The smoke above the glimmering woodland wide,

That skirts our southward border with its beauty,

Marked where our heroes stood, and fought and died,

For love, and faith, and duty

 

“And still what time the doubtful strife went on,

We might not find expression for our sorrow;

We could but lay our dear, dumb warrior down,

And gird us for the morrow.

 

“One weary year ago, when came a lull

With victory, in the conflicts’ stormy closes,

When the glad Spring, all flushed and beautiful,

First mocked us with her roses—

 

“With dirge and bell, and minute-gun, we paid

Some few poor rites, an inexpressive token

Of a great people’s pain, to Jackson’s shade,

In agony unspoken.

 

“No wailing trumpet, and no tolling bell,

No cannon, save the battle’s boom receding,

When Stuart to the grave we bore, might tell

With hearts all crushed and bleeding.

 

“The crisis suited not with pomp, and she,

Whose anguish bears the seal of consecration.

Had wished his Christian obsequies should be

Thus void of ostentation.

 

“Only the maidens came, sweet flowers to twine

Above his form, so still, and cold, and painless,

Whose deeds upon our brightest records shine,

Whose life and sword were stainless.

 

“We well remembered how he loved to dash

Into the fight, festooned from summer bowers

How like a fountain’s spray, his sabre’s flash

Leaped from a mass of flowers.

 

“And so we carried to his place of rest,

All that of our Paladin was mortal;

The cross, and not the sabre, on his breast,

That opes the heavenly portal.

 

“No more of tribute might to us remain;

But there will come a time when freedom’s martyrs

A richer guerdon of renown shall gain

Than gleams in stars and garters.

 

“I claim no prophet’s vision, but I see,

Through coming years now near at hand, now distant,

My rescued country, glorious and free,

And strong and self-existent.

 

“I hear from out that sunlit land which lies

Beyond these clouds which darkly gather o’er us,

The happy sounds of industry arise.

In swelling, peaceful chorus.

 

“And mingling with these sounds, the glad acclaim

Of millions, undisturbed by war’s afflictions,

Crowning each martyr’s never-dying name

With grateful benedictions.

 

“In some fair, future garden of delights,

Where flowers shall bloom, and song-birds sweetly warble.

Art shall erect the statues of our knights,

In living bronze and marble.

 

“And none of all that bright, heroic throng

Shall wear to far-off time a semblance grander.

Shall still be decked with fresher wreaths of song,

Than the beloved commander.

 

“The Spanish legends tell us of the Cid,

That after death he rode erect and stately

Along his lines, e’en as in life he did,

In presence yet more stately.

 

” And thus our Stuart at this moment seems

To ride out of our dark and troubled story,

Into the region of romance and dreams,

A realm of light and glory.

 

“And sometimes when the silver bugles blow,

That radiant form in battle reappearing,

Shall lead his horsemen headlong on the foe,

In victory careering.”

23rd. Aroused at 1:30 A. M. Got off at 3:30. I went back to the regt. and remained till 3 P. M. Reached the train at Milford Station, 3 miles below Bowling Green. A beautiful little village. A splendid rolling country. Rows of trees along the road each side. A good night’s rest.

May 23—We are guarded by negro troops, who are as mean as hell. At each meal there is a guard placed over 500 prisoners, who go to their meals in ranks of four. We are not allowed to cross a certain line, called the “Dead Line,” but as 500 men go at one time to meals, of course near the door there is always a rush. To-day one of our men accidentally crossed the line. He was pushed over by the crowd, when a black devil shot and killed him, and wounded two others.

May 23, Monday. A late dispatch on Saturday night from Cairo informs me that a dam at Alexandria has been constructed and our fleet is passing the falls. Lieutenant-Commander Phelps had left my house only about an hour before the dispatch was received. We had passed most of the evening in discussing Red River affairs. The news of the passage of the whole fleet is since confirmed. It is most gratifying intelligence.

The author of the forged proclamation has been detected. His name is Howard, and he has been long connected with the New York press, but especially with the Times. If I am not mistaken, he has been one of my assailants and a defamer of the Department. He is of a pestiferous class of reckless sensation-writers for an unscrupulous set of journalists who misinform the public mind. Scarcely one of them has regard for truth, and nearly all make use of their positions to subserve selfish, mercenary ends. This forger and falsifier Howard is a specimen of the miserable tribe.

The seizure of the office of the World and Journal of Commerce for publishing this forgery was hasty, rash, inconsiderate, and wrong, and cannot be defended. They are mischievous and pernicious, working assiduously against the Union and the Government and giving countenance and encouragement to the Rebellion, but were in this instance the dupes, perhaps the willing dupes, of a knave and wretch. The act of suspending these journals, and the whole arbitrary and oppressive proceedings, had its origin with the Secretary of State. Stanton, I have no doubt, was willing to act on Seward’s promptings, and the President, in deference to Seward, yielded to it.

These things are to be regretted. They weaken the Administration and strengthen its enemies. Yet the Administration ought not to be condemned for the misdeeds of one, or at most two, of its members. They would not be if the President was less influenced by them.