Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

May 2014

by John Beauchamp Jones

            MAY 22D.—Clear and warm, but the atmosphere is charged with the smoke and dust of contending armies. The sun shines but dimly.

            Custis was with us last night, and returned to camp at 5 A.M. to-day. He gets from government only a small loaf of corn bread and a herring a day. We send him something, however, every other morning. His appetite is voracious, and he has not taken cold. He loathes the camp life, and some of the associates he meets in his mess, but is sustained by the vicissitudes and excitements of the hour, and the conviction that the crisis must be over soon.

            Last night there was furious shelling down the river, supposed to be a night attack by Butler, which, no doubt, Beauregard anticipated. Result not heard.

            The enemy’s cavalry were at Milford yesterday, but did no mischief, as our stores had been moved back to Chesterfield depot, and a raid on Hanover C. H. was repulsed.        Lee was also attacked yesterday evening, and repulsed the enemy. It is said Ewell is now engaged in a flank movement, and the GREAT FINAL battle may be looked for immediately.

            Breckinridge is at Hanover Junction, with other troops. So the war rolls on toward this capital, and yet Lee’s headquarters remain in Spottsylvania. A few days more must tell the story. If he cuts Grant’s communications, I should not be surprised if that desperate general attempted a bold dash on toward Richmond. I don’t think he could take the city—and he would be between two fires

            I saw some of the enemy’s wounded this morning, brought down in the cars, dreadfully mutilated. Some had lost a leg and arm—besides sustaining other injuries. But they were cheerful, and uttered not a groan in the removal to the hospital.

            Flour is selling as high as $400 per barrel, and meal at $125 per bushel. The roads have been cut in so many places, and so frequently, that no provisions have come in, except for the army. But the hoarding speculators have abundance hidden.

            The Piedmont Road, from Danville, Va., to Greensborough, is completed, and now that we have two lines of communication with the South, it may be hoped that this famine will be of only short duration. They are cutting wheat in Georgia and Alabama, and new flour will be ground from the growing grain in Virginia in little more than a month. God help us, if relief come not speedily! A great victory would be the speediest way.

            My garden looks well, but affords nothing yet except salad.

Sunday, [May] 22. — President of court martial to try the Rebel quartermaster (Jenkins), of [the] Fifteenth Virginia, for pillaging. Sat at Sharpe’s; Lieutenant-Colonel Bukey, Major Carey, Major Cadot, Captain Henry, Sweet, etc., etc.

News from Grant confirms my impression that the storm, mud, and rain prevented a decisive victory.

May 22, 1864.

Two regiments of three-year’s men who did not “veteran” started home to-day. The loss of the army in this way will not be much. Not more than one or two regiments in any corps refused to veteran. We are drawing 20 days’ rations, sending sick back to convalescent camp at Chattanooga, and making all preparations for a hard campaign.

Saturday, May 21st.

We broke camp list night and marched all night with the Fifth Corps batteries of Artillery, Co. H in the lead, passing through Guinia’s Station to-day, crossing the Mattapony River at Downer’s bridge and halting near a house in a cornfield. The men were thoroughly tired out and as hungry as bears, having had nothing to eat on the long march of twenty-five miles. While on the march I observed some horsemen in the distance, flitting about in the woods to our left and front, and suspecting that they might belong to the enemy, I halted the column and sent Corporal Richard E. Rhodes forward to reconnoiter. Rhodes was a splendid, plucky little fellow, and as he went straight for the woods I stood watching him with a good deal of anxiety, having prepared to throw the company into line and follow him in case of any hostile demonstration. Scarcely had he covered two-thirds of the distance when a single horseman rode out to meet him, and in a few moments he rejoined us and reported that the men we had seen belonged to a detachment of our own cavalry, sent out, without notice to us, to picket our line of march. Starting on again with lighter hearts if not more elastic steps, we reached the cornfield, stacked arms and lay down among the little corn-hills to rest.

Saturday, 21st—Reveille sounded at 3 o’clock and at 5 we took up the line of march, our company being rear guard for the brigade. We marched seventeen miles and went into bivouac several miles beyond Elkhorn, which we reached at 1 o’clock. Here we waded the Elkhorn[1] river, which is from three to five feet deep and two hundred feet wide. The boys had a great deal of fun in wading across. The country is very rough and rocky, and the hard turnpike over which we marched most of the day made our feet very sore.


[1] Now called Elk river. The town which our diarist calls Elkhorn was probably what is now Aspen Hill.—Ed.

[Diary] May 21.

Charlie and Harriet Ware rowed us over to Hunting Island, Ellen taking an oar. We saw the splendid new lighthouse, blown up by rebels, the magnificent beach with trees washed and standing on their roots high above water, or lying, roots in the air. I tried to row coming home, and persisted a long time so as to do my share of the work, but it was rough and I grew frightened so I gave the oar to Ellen. When we came under the shores we had a lovely row home.

While we were away here, Morgan Island[1] was visited by the rebels and all the people carried off! There is great alarm here, the point is so exposed. The Winsors rowed over to the blockading boat to give the alarm. The captain replied that he was put there to blockade and not to defend the coast, and he would do nothing. They say he has not half force enough to work his boat. It is not Captain Dutch. A month or so ago the Kingfisher went down! Captain Dutch had begged again and again to be relieved, so that his ship might be repaired, but no permission came, and at last, in making some necessary move, she struck a new sandbar, recently formed in the channel, and went down so suddenly that the men lost their clothes. They say she had been leaking so badly for some time that men had to be kept at the pumps. Captain Dutch was energetic, hated the enemy, was a good protector to the islands, and made himself the terror of the rebels along the coast. We are sorry to lose him, and this raid proves that his successor is not feared.


[1] A small island lying north of St. Helena Island.

Saturday, May 21. — Morning pleasant. At noon we received orders to be ready to move at a moment’s notice. Our pickets were driven in during the afternoon, and we were sent out to support them. When we came back, we started again for Richmond by a flank movement. Marched all night. Had a heavy shower in the afternoon, which wet me through. Marched about 4 miles before I could get my horse.

May 21 — This morning we left the field of Spottsylvania Court House and marched for Milford, a station on Richmond and Fredericksburg Railroad; Milford is situated near the center of Caroline County. The Yankees took possession of Milford to-day, and late this evening we encountered them two miles west of the station. They were in a pine thicket, and we fired some six or eight shell into their covert, in order to draw them out and show their hand, and also to ascertain their strength and intentions; but they took our fire in silence, behaved themselves, and remained in the thicket.

We are camped this evening about four miles southwest of Milford, on the Hanover Junction road. The country we passed through to-day is rolling and the land is apparently of a rather poor quality.

Huntsville, Saturday, May 21. Mail distributed, giving me three fat letters which did me much good. Good news from Sherman. Boys busy in the afternoon damming up the creek in front of camp to make swimming pond. Had a refreshing bath in the evening.

May 21st. Colonel Ely and other officers who have been prisoners since June 15th, 1863, returned and assumed command of the regiment. We are again in good condition for any kind of duty that we may be called upon. A good rest here, near Cedar Creek.