Following the American Civil War Sesquicentennial with day by day writings of the time, currently 1863.

Monday, June 4, 2012

“Wilson Small,” June 4.

Dear Mother, — I write a line — only a line — that you may not be anxious: you can’t conceive under what circumstances. I am perfectly well. I have no time to write, no power to withdraw myself from my surroundings enough to write.

Conceive of the Medical Director sending down over four thousand five hundred wounded men without — yes, almost literally without— anything for them: without surgeons; no one authorized to take charge of them; nothing but empty boats to receive them.

Of course the Commission throws itself in and does all. Mr. Olmsted is everything, — wise, authoritative, untiring; but he must break down. You can’t conceive what it is to stem the torrent of this disorder and utter want of organization. We are all well, and can only thank God that we are here, with health, strength, and head. To think or speak of the things we see would be fatal. No one must come here who cannot put away all feeling. Do all you can, and be a machine,—that’s the way to act; the only way.

Good-by! No head to write more: Mr. Olmsted, Mr. Knapp, and I are sitting on the floor, resting, with a pitcher of lemonade between us. My cases have arrived — oh, so thankful! Thank that good Newport for me.

2d, 3d, 4th.—Taking my ease and riding about the camps, not having received any further orders as to duty. The army remains in “statu quo,” the large hospital, or rather its patients, in suffering state, though Surgeon Jayne seems to be using every effort to improve the condition of things.

June 4—Still raining, and the roads are very muddy.

June 4th. Yesterday and to-day very hot, reminding us forcibly that summer has come. On account of the continued rain it is very unpleasant. The pickets keep up a continuous fire night and day, and do a good deal of execution; it is a very dangerous duty, particularly for officers, who are picked off by sharpshooters, in preference to the men. Towards evening, we received orders to fall in, and hold ourselves ready for action, the enemy having been seen forming columns of attack; nothing, however, materialized, so we stacked arms, and lay down in rear of them. About 7 P.M. it rained hard, flooding the ground we lay on, but we were obliged to remain throughout the night, the general refusing to let us budge.

Some of the hurried notes in the small blank books we carried about with us (G’s tied to her belt) are characteristic, and somewhat mixed at the distance of 36 years.

“78 pillow-cases, and 4 mattresses. Whiskey for 10, brandy for 4. W. T., 49th Ga., Co. D. C.G., both legs; handkerchiefs, arrowroot, bay-rum. V. W., shoulder off, 17 Cedar St. E. D., lowest berth; Waters, top berth.”

And in the midst of it this note:

“To Mrs. I., 3 Milligan Place.

My dear Mother: You must not be anxious about me as I am not wounded, only sick. I was not in the battle because I was not strong enough to hold my gun. The battle began Sunday while I was in bed. We had to jump up and take our arms. I asked the lieutenant to let me fall out; he said I might, and stay there. The rebels came right up to the pits. Our men began to retreat very fast, and one came and told me to get up or I would be taken prisoner. So the doctor sent me down in the woods. Three nights I had nothing to cover me, slept just under the dew. The doctor put me on the cars and I was brought to White House. I am lying now in better condition and being better taken care of.”— Beef essence, tea, oranges” —! Etc., etc. etc.

We used to say :

“In the great history of the land

A lady with a flask shall stand.”

June 4. [Okolona, Mississippi]—This place is filled with strangers; the rear of the army being here— quartermasters, commissaries, etc. Mrs. T.’s house is like a hotel; the men walk into it without asking any questions, sit down at the table, take what they want, and some times they pay. Mrs. T. has not the heart to prevent it, as the men seem to be so hungry.

Dr. H. introduced me to Colonel Hunt, of the Ninth Kentucky Regiment. He is a very handsome man, and is an uncle of John Morgan’s.

June 4th.—Battles occur near Richmond, with bombardment of Charleston. Beauregard is said to be fighting his way out or in.

Mrs. Gibson is here, at Doctor Gibbes’s. Tears are always in her eyes. Her eldest son is Willie Preston’s lieutenant. They are down on the coast. She owns that she has no hope at all. She was a Miss Ayer, of Philadelphia, and says, “We may look for Burnside now, our troops which held him down to his iron flotilla have been withdrawn. They are three to one against us now, and they have hardly begun to put out their strength—in numbers, I mean. We have come to the end of our tether, except we wait for the yearly crop of boys as they grow up to the requisite age.” She would make despondent the most sanguine person alive. “As a general rule,” says Mrs. Gibson, “government people are sanguine, but the son of one high functionary whispered to Mary G., as he handed her into the car, ‘Richmond is bound to go.'” The idea now is that we are to be starved out. If they shut us in, prolong the agony, it can then have but one end.

Mrs. Preston and I speak in whispers, but Mrs. McCord scorns whispers, and speaks out. She says: “There are our soldiers. Since the world began there never were better, but God does not deign to send us a general worthy of them. I do not mean drill-sergeants or military old maids, who will not fight until everything is just so. The real ammunition of our war is faith in ourselves and enthusiasm in our cause. West Point sits down on enthusiasm, laughs it to scorn. It wants discipline. And now comes a new danger, these blockade-runners. They are filling their pockets and they gibe and sneer at the fools who fight. Don’t you see this Stonewall, how he fires the soldiers’ hearts; he will be our leader, maybe after all. They say he does not care how many are killed. His business is to save the country, not the army. He fights to win, God bless him, and he wins. If they do not want to be killed, they can stay at home. They say he leaves the sick and wounded to be cared for by those whose business it is to do so. His business is war. They say he wants to hoist the black flag, have a short, sharp, decisive war and end it. He is a Christian soldier.”

June 4.—Major-General Halleck reported to the Secretary of War that General Pope, with forty thousand men, was thirty miles south of Florence, Alabama, pushing the enemy hard; that he had ten thousand prisoners and deserters from the enemy, and fifteen thousand stand of arms captured. Also that nine locomotives and a number of cars were captured.—(Doc. 131.)

—Fort Pillow, otherwise called Fort Wright, on the Mississippi River, was evacuated by the rebels. After the occupation of the Fort, the Union gunboat fleet steamed directly to Memphis.—(Doc. 54.)

—Jeff Davis threatened retaliation in the case of Major W. Van Benthuysen, who had been arrested by Gen. Butler, at New-Orleans, “for aiding the escape of a scoundrel and spy.”

—Brig.-general J. T. Boyle, headquarters in Louisville, assumed command of the National troops in Kentucky this morning.

—A fight occurred near Jasper, Tenn., between a body of Union troops under the command of Gen. Negley, and a large force of rebel cavalry under Gen. Adams, which resulted in a complete rout of the rebels, with great loss.— (Doc. 55.)

—Sixteen hundred of Gen. Prentiss’s troops, who were taken prisoners at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, arrived at Nashville, Tenn., they having been paroled by the rebel authorities, “in consequence of their being unable to feed them.” —Nashville Union, June 5.